Summary

从Morphologically-和确定的Neurochemically海马的interneurons全细胞膜片钳记录

Published: September 30, 2014
doi:

Summary

皮层网络由一个小的,但不同组抑制性控制。因此的interneurons功能调查需要有针对性的记录和严格的鉴定。这里描述的是一种涉及从单个或突触耦合对神经元细胞内的标记,事后的形态学和免疫细胞化学分析的全细胞记录相结合的方法。

Abstract

GABA能抑制性脑部神经回路中发挥核心作用。的interneurons包括神经元群(10-20%)的一小部分,但表现出的生理,形态和神经化学异质性很高的水平,反映了他们不同的功能。因此,的interneurons的调查提供了重要的见解的组织原则和神经回路的功能。然而,这需要一个综合的生理和解剖学的方法对个别interneuron类型的选择和鉴定。全细胞膜片钳从转基因动物中的急性脑切片,表达下的interneuron特异性标志物的启动子的荧光蛋白的记录,提供了一种有效的方法来定位和电生理学表征特定interneuron类型的特性和突触性质。结合细胞内的染料标记,这种方法可以扩展事后MOrphological及免疫细胞化学分析,使记录的神经元系统的鉴定。这些方法可以被定制,以满足范围广泛的方面的皮层神经元的不同类型的功能性的科学问题。

Introduction

海马神经元电路一直是严格审查的主体,对于两者的解剖和生理,由于人类和啮齿类动物学习和记忆的重要作用以及空间导航。同样,海马突出,但简单的分层组织,使本地区的研究,解决皮层网络的结构和功能特性青睐的主题。

海马电路是由兴奋性主细胞(> 80%)和一个较小的(10-20%),但抑制性1-3的高度多样化的队列。释放的interneurons从他们的轴突末梢,其作用在快离子型GABA受体γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)(GABA A RS)和慢代谢型GABA受体 (GABA RS)4。这些抑制机制抵消激励和调节主细胞的兴奋性,从而IR时间和放电模式。然而,从GABA释放的interneurons行为不仅对主细胞,同时也对自己的interneurons 5,6。前和突触后受体介导的各类interneuron之间的反馈调节和抑制的相互交互。在interneuron网络这些抑制机制被认为是中心的产生和人口活动模式成形,特别是振动在不同的频率7。

全细胞膜片钳记录是一种行之有效的方法固有特性和神经元的突触相互作用的检查。然而,由于interneuron类型的高多样性,抑制性的调查,需要严格识别所记录的细胞。作为海马interneuron类型的特点是鲜明的形态特征和神经化学标志物的表达,结合解剖和免疫Ëxamination可以提供一种方法来确定精确的interneuron身份6,8,9。

在本论文中,我们描述了一种实验方法,其中从单个神经元或突触耦合对全细胞膜片钳记录是结合胞内标记,随后事后形态学和免疫细胞化学分析,允许缓慢GABA B中的特征受体介导的中鉴定的interneurons抑制作用。作为一个例子,我们专注于interneuron的一个主要类型,即所谓的“篮状细胞”(BC)的一个子集,它支配其突触后目标的胞体和树突的近端和的特点是“快扣球”(FS)放电模式中的钙结合蛋白小清蛋白(PV)10,11,一个轴突密集覆盖的电池主体层,并表达。这些显示的interneurons大的抑制性突触后电流,以及突出的前它们的突触输出突触调节,以应对GABA; B R激活12。这里所描述的技术的组合可用于同样,调查在各种其他确定神经类型的本征或突触机制。

Protocol

道德声明:所有程序与动物维修均按照制度执行指引,德国动物福利法案,欧盟理事会86/609 / EEC号指令对动物的保护,地方当局(柏林,T 0215/11准则) 1,制备急性,海马以转基因大鼠(17〜24日龄),在VGAT子,其中标签的大部分皮质抑制性13表达的荧光金星/ YFP的蛋白质。杀头的老鼠。迅速解剖大脑(<40秒)进semifrozen,carbogenated(95%O 2/5%CO 2)的?…

Representative Results

只要切片质量明显好,无论从CA1电脑和FS的插件可以用最少的困难,实现记录。在VGAT子13表示金星/ YFP的转基因鼠线不明确标识的FS-INS,或实际上的BC。然而,在和周围STR从诸IN录音。锥体 ,其中fs插件的密度通常很高1,结果在选择FS-INS( 图2B)的概率较高。 FS的插件可以通过其特有的生理特性与两个CA1区的PC和RS-INS的不同来区分。他们有一个相对去极化?…

Discussion

我们形容它结合了电生理和神经解剖技术在体外功能鉴定morphologically-和确定的neurochemically神经元的方法;尤其是皮质的抑制诸IN的不同类型。该过程的主要方面是:(1)预选择潜在诸IN的; (2)细胞内记录和神经元的可视化;最后(3)记录的土著民族形态学及免疫细胞化学分析。虽然本研究中特别讨论的PV-INS,所描述的协议,可用于从任何interneuron或其他神经元的类型,以最少的改动类似录像。

Declarações

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

作者要感谢伊沃尔特为她出色的技术援助。由Drs生成VGAT金星转基因大鼠。华柳川,米平林和Y川口在全国生理学研究所,日本冈崎,利用博士答:宫胁提供PCS2金星。

Materials

Name Company Catalog Number Comments
Transgenic vGAT-venus rats see Uematsu et al., 2008
Venus (515 nm) goggles BLS Ltd., Hungary
Dissection tools i.e. FST For brain removal
Vibratome Leica VT1200S Or other high end vibratome with minimal vertical oscillation
Slice holding chambers Custom-made in lab
Upright IR-DIC microscope Olympus, Japan BX50WI With micromanipulator system; i.e. Luigs and Neumann, Kleindiek etc.
CCD camera Till Photonics VX55
505 nm LED system Cairn Research OptiLED system Or mercury lamp or other LED system i.e. CooLED. 
Multiclamp 700B  Axon Instruments Alternatively 2x Axopatch 200B amplifiers 
WinWCP acquisition software John Dempster, Strathclyde University Any quality acquisition software could be used, i.e. EPHUS, pClamp, Igor etc. 
Electrode Puller Sutter P-97 Used with box-filament
Borosilicate pipette glass Hilgenberg, Germany 1405020 2 mm outer, 1 mm inner diameter, no filament
Peristaltic pump Gilson Minipuls Other pumps or gravity feed could be used instead
Digital Thermometer Custom made
Digital Manometer Supertech, Hungary
Isolated constant voltage stimulator Digitimer, Cambridge DS-2A
Biocytin Invitrogen B1592 Otherwise known as ε-Biotinoyl-L-Lysine 
DL-AP5(V) disodium salt Abcam Biochemicals ab120271
DNQX disodium salt Abcam Biochemicals ab120169 Alternatively NBQX or CNQX
Gabazine (SR95531) Abcam Biochemicals ab120042 Alternatively bicuculline methiodide
R-Baclofen Abcam Biochemicals ab120325
CGP-55,845 hydrochloride Tocris 1248
Streptavidin 647 Invitrogen S32357
anti-PV mouse monoclonal antibody Swant, Switzerland 235 Working concentration 1:5000-1:10,000
anti-mouse secondary antibody  Invitrogen A11030 If using Venus or GFP rodent using a red-channel (i.e. 546 nm) is advisable.
Normal Goat Serum Vector Labs S-1000
Microscopy slides Any high quality brand 
Glass coverslips Usually 22 x 22 mm
Agar spacers Agar block, cut on vibratome to 300 μm
Laser scanning confocal microscope Olympus, Japan Fluoview FV1000 Or other comparable system
Fiji (Fiji is just ImageJ) http://fiji.sc/Fiji See Schindelin et al., 2012

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Booker, S. A., Song, J., Vida, I. Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings from Morphologically- and Neurochemically-identified Hippocampal Interneurons. J. Vis. Exp. (91), e51706, doi:10.3791/51706 (2014).

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