Quantification de l'expression protéique et co-localisation utilisant multiplexé Immuno-histochimie Coloration et multispectrale Imaging
Summary
Immunohistochemistry is a powerful lab technique for evaluating protein localization and expression within tissues. Current semi-automated methods for quantitation introduce subjectivity and often create irreproducible results. Herein, we describe methods for multiplexed immunohistochemistry and objective quantitation of protein expression and co-localization using multispectral imaging.
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry is a commonly used clinical and research lab detection technique for investigating protein expression and localization within tissues. Many semi-quantitative systems have been developed for scoring expression using immunohistochemistry, but inherent subjectivity limits reproducibility and accuracy of results. Furthermore, the investigation of spatially overlapping biomarkers such as nuclear transcription factors is difficult with current immunohistochemistry techniques. We have developed and optimized a system for simultaneous investigation of multiple proteins using high throughput methods of multiplexed immunohistochemistry and multispectral imaging. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry is performed by sequential application of primary antibodies with secondary antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase. Different chromogens are used to detect each protein of interest. Stained slides are loaded into an automated slide scanner and a protocol is created for automated image acquisition. A spectral library is created by staining a set of slides with a single chromogen on each. A subset of representative stained images are imported into multispectral imaging software and an algorithm for distinguishing tissue type is created by defining tissue compartments on images. Subcellular compartments are segmented by using hematoxylin counterstain and adjusting the intrinsic algorithm. Thresholding is applied to determine positivity and protein co-localization. The final algorithm is then applied to the entire set of tissues. Resulting data allows the user to evaluate protein expression based on tissue type (ex. epithelia vs. stroma) and subcellular compartment (nucleus vs. cytoplasm vs. plasma membrane). Co-localization analysis allows for investigation of double-positive, double-negative, and single-positive cell types. Combining multispectral imaging with multiplexed immunohistochemistry and automated image acquisition is an objective, high-throughput method for investigation of biomarkers within tissues.
Introduction
Immunohistochimie (IHC) est une technique de laboratoire standard pour la détection de la protéine dans le tissu, et IHC est encore largement utilisé dans la recherche et la pathologie de diagnostic. L'évaluation de la coloration IHC est souvent semi-quantitative, l'introduction d'un biais potentiel dans l'interprétation des résultats. De nombreuses approches semi-quantitatives ont été développés qui incorporent à la fois l' intensité de la coloration et de la portée de coloration dans le diagnostic final de 1-4. D' autres systèmes comprennent l' intensité de notation et localisation subcellulaire afin de mieux localiser l' expression 5. Incorporation des scores moyens de téléspectateurs multiples est souvent utilisé afin de minimiser les effets de polarisation unique spectateur 6. En dépit de ces efforts, la subjectivité dans l' analyse reste encore, en particulier lors de l' évaluation de la mesure de la coloration 7. Protocole de normalisation et de la subjectivité de l'entrée en minimisant humaine est primordiale pour créer des résultats précis et reproductibles IHC.
content "> Il existe d' autres options que IHC pour déterminer l' expression des protéines dans les tissus. Dans le cadre de la recherche, l' immunohistochimie a traditionnellement été considérée comme un moyen d'examiner la localisation des protéines 8, tandis que d' autres techniques telles que immunoblotting sont considérés comme l' étalon – or pour étudier l' expression des protéines . tissu Détermination ou une expression spécifique de compartiment cellulaire est difficile sans incorporer des techniques avancées telles que le fractionnement cellulaire ou microdissection laser 9,10. L'utilisation d'anticorps fluorescents sur des lames de tissus offre un compromis raisonnable, mais fond autofluorescence en raison de NADPH, lipofushines, réticulaire fibres, le collagène, l' élastine et peuvent rendre difficile une quantification précise 11.Plates – formes de pathologie de calcul automatiques sont une voie prometteuse pour plus quantification objective de la pathologie coloration 12-15. La combinaison de l'imagerie multispectrale avec des microréseaux de tissusfacilite l'analyse à haut débit de l'expression des protéines dans les grandes tailles d'échantillon. Avec ces techniques, l' analyse des protéines co-localisation, l' hétérogénéité de coloration, et des tissus et la localisation subcellulaire est possible tout en réduisant sensiblement les préjugés et le temps nécessaire à l' analyse inhérents, tout en retournant les données d'une manière continue plutôt que le format catégorique 16. Par conséquent, le but de cette étude était de démontrer l'utilité de la méthodologie et pour effectuer des immunohistochimie multiplexé avec l'analyse, en utilisant un logiciel d'imagerie multispectrale.
Ce protocole est écrit pour le manuel, la coloration immunohistochimique multiplex d'une seule lame de coupe de tissu avec quatre anticorps monoclonaux optimisés. Comme expérience représentative, anti-lapin nucléaire récepteur alpha des œstrogènes (ERa) et du récepteur d'androgène (AR) sont multiplexés avec liée à la membrane anti-souris et CD147 lié à la membrane anti-souris de la E-cadhérine. Tout anticorps de choix peut être Substituted pour les anticorps énumérés ici, mais chaque combinaison d'anticorps nécessite une optimisation séparée. Prétraitement pour tous les anticorps doivent être identiques. Les anticorps AR et CD147 doivent être optimisés individuellement, puis comme un cocktail. Chaque anticorps est détecté en utilisant un système de polymère exempte de biotine et l'un des 4 chromogènes uniques.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
L'utilisation d' une immunohistochimie traditionnelle pour l' évaluation de l' expression des protéines est limitée par des méthodes subjectives, semi-quantitative de l' analyse 22,23. plates-formes de Advance ont été créés pour l'analyse à haut débit de l'expression des biomarqueurs et de la localisation. segmentation détaillée des deux tissus et compartiments subcellulaires permet aux utilisateurs d'étudier l'expression des biomarqueurs, la localisation et la…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Les auteurs remercient l'Université du Wisconsin Initiatives de recherche translationnelle dans le laboratoire de pathologie, en partie soutenu par le Département UW de pathologie et de médecine de laboratoire et UWCCC subvention P30 CA014520, pour l'utilisation de ses installations et ses services.
Materials
| Xylene | Fisher Chemical | X3F1GAL | NFPA rating:Health – 2, Fire – 3 , Reactivity-0 |
| Ethyl Alcohol-200 proof | Fisher Scientific | 4355223 | NFPA rating:Health – 0, Fire – 3 , Reactivity-0 |
| Tris Base | Fisher Scientific | BP152-500 | NFPA rating:Health – 2, Fire – 0 , Reactivity-0 |
| Tris Hydroxymethyl aminomethane HCl | Fisher Scientific | BP153-1 | NFPA rating:Health – 2, Fire – 0 , Reactivity-0 |
| Tween 20 | Chem-Impex | 1512 | NFPA rating:Health – 0, Fire –1 , Reactivity-0 |
| Phosphate-buffered saline | Fisher Scientific | BP2944-100 | NFPA rating:Health – 1, Fire –0 , Reactivity-0 |
| Peroxidazed | Biocare Medical | PX968 | Avoid contact with skin and eyes. May cause skin irritation and eye damage. |
| Diva Decloaker | Biocare Medical | DV2004 | This product has been classified as non‐hazardous based on the physical and/or chemical nature and/or concentration of ingredients. |
| Estrogen Receptor alpha | Thermo Fisher Scientific-Labvision | RM9101 | Not classified as hazardous |
| Androgen Receptor | SCBT | sc-816 | Not classified as hazardous |
| CD147 | Biodesign | P87535M | Not classified as hazardous |
| E-cadherin | Dako | M3612 | Not classified as hazardous |
| Renoir Red Andibody Diluent | Biocare Medical | PD904 | It is specially designed to work with Tris-based antibodies |
| DeCloaking Chamber | Biocare Medical | Model DC2002 | Take normal precautions for using a pressure cooker |
| Barrier pen-Immuno Edge | Vector Labs | H-4000 | |
| Denaturing Kit-Elution step | Biocare Medical | DNS001H | Not classified as hazardous |
| Mach 2 Goat anti-Rabbit HRP Polymer | Biocare Medical | RHRP520 | Not classified as hazardous |
| Mach 2 Goat anti-Rabbit AP Polymer | Biocare Medical | RALP525 | Not classified as hazardous |
| Mach 2 Goat anti-Mouse HRP Polymer | Biocare Medical | M3M530 | Not classified as hazardous |
| Betazoid DAB Chromogen Kit | Biocare Medical | BDB2004 | 1. DAB is known to be a suspected carcinogen. 2. Do not expose DAB components to strong light or direct sunlight. 3. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment and clothing. 4. DAB may cause sensitization of skin. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. 5. Observe all federal, state and local environmental regarding disposal |
| Warp Red Chromogen Kit | Biocare Medical | WR806 | Corrosive. Acid that may cause skin irritation or eye damage. |
| Vina Green Chromogen Kit | Biocare Medical | BRR807 | Harmful if swallowed |
| Bajoran Purple Chromogen Kit | Biocare Medical | BJP807 | Flammable liquid. Keep away from heat, flames and sparks. Harmful by ingestion or absorption. Avoid contact with skin or eyes, and avoid inhalation. |
| Cat Hematoxylin | Biocare Medical | CATHE | Purple solution with a mild acetic acid (vinegar) scent. May be irritating to skin or eyes. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid ingestion. |
| XYL Mounting Media | Richard Allen | 8312-4 | NFPA rating:Health – 2, Fire – 3 , Reactivity-0 |
| 1.5 Coverslips | Fisher Brand | 22266858 | Sharp edges |
| Incubation (Humidity)Chamber | obsolete | obsolete | Multiple vendors available |
| Convection Oven | Stabil- Therm | C-4008-Q | |
| Background Punisher Blocking Reagent | Biocare Medical | BP974 | This product is not classified as hazardous. |
| inForm software | PerkinElmer | CLS135781 | Primary multispectral imaging software used in manuscript |
| Nuance software | PerkinElmer | NUANCEEX | Software used for making spectral libraries within manuscript |
| Vectra microscope and slide scanner | PerkinElmer | VECTRA | Automated slide scanner and microscope for obtaining IM3 image cubes |
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