一种水上光纤的设计与制造
1Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI),Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, 2Department of Material Sciences and Engineering,MIT, 3Centro de Tecnologia Nanofotónica,Universitat Politècnica de València, 4Department of Mechanical Engineering,Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Summary
该协议描述了水桥的设计和制造及其作为水纤维的活化。实验表明, 水纤维的毛细管共振调节了其光传输。
Abstract
在本报告中, 设计和制造了一种光纤, 其核心完全是水, 而包层是空气。与固体包覆装置相比, 毛细管振荡不受限制, 使纤维壁能够移动和振动。该纤维是由两个水库之间几千伏特 (kv) 的高直流电 (dc) 电压构成的, 它产生了一条浮水线, 称为水桥。通过选择微管, 可以控制纤维的最大直径和长度。在桥的两侧, 光纤耦合器将其激活为光波导, 使研究人员能够通过传输调制来监测水纤维毛细管体波, 从而推断表面张力的变化。
共同限制毛细管和电磁两种重要的波类型, 为光与液壁器件相互作用的研究开辟了新的路径。水墙微设备比固体微设备柔软一百万倍, 从而提高了对微小力的反应。
Introduction
自2009年获得诺贝尔奖以来, 光纤在通信领域取得了突破, 一系列基于光纤的应用也随之增长。如今, 纤维是激光手术2以及相干 x 射线代3,4, 导声5和超连续体 6的必需品。当然, 对光纤的研究从利用固体转化为用于光波导引的液体扩大到液体中, 在这种情况下, 充满液体的微通道和层流将液体的传输特性与光学的优势结合在一起。审讯7,8,9。然而, 这些装置夹住固体之间的液体, 因此, 禁止它表达自己的波特性, 被称为毛细管波。
毛细管波, 类似于那些看到扔石头到池塘时, 是一个重要的波在自然界中。然而, 由于在不通过通道或固体抑制液体表面的情况下控制液体的障碍, 它们几乎无法用于检测或应用。相反, 该协议中提供的设备没有坚实的边界;它被空气包围并流动, 因此允许毛细管波发展、传播和与光相互作用。
要制造水纤维, 必须回到 1893年首次报道的浮水桥技术, 在这种技术中, 两个充满蒸馏水并连接到高压源的烧杯将形成流体状的水线状他们之间的连接11。水桥的长度可以达到3厘米12或薄到20纳米13。至于物理来源, 已经证明, 表面张力以及介电力都是承载大桥重量14、15、16 的原因。为了激活水桥作为水纤维, 我们将光线与一个绝热锥形的硅纤维17,18和一个硅纤维纤维 19.这种器件可以承载声波、毛细管和光波, 有利于多波探测器和芯片上的实验室 20、21、22的应用。
Protocol
注意: 此实验涉及高电压。在打开高压之前, 读者有责任与安全部门核实他们的实验是否符合规定。 注: 任何一种极性液体都可以用来生产液体纤维, 如乙醇、甲醇、丙酮或水。液体的极性决定了所创造的纤维23,24的稳定性和直径。为获得最佳效果, 请使用电阻为 18 mω的去离子水。在选择光纤和光源等光学元件之前, 请查阅文献, 以确?…
Representative Results
水纤维与高多模光纤的耦合效率可高达 54,26.单模光纤的耦合效率高达 12,26.水纤维的直径可以像1.6 微米一样薄, 长度可以是 46μm (图 3)25, 26, 也可以长度达1.064 毫米, 直径为 41μm (图 3)<…
Discussion
总之, 这种技术的主要优点和独特性是创建了一种光纤, 它承载着三种不同的波: 毛细管、声学和光学。这三个波在不同的状态下都振荡, 为多波探测器打开了可能性。例如, 空气中的纳米粒子会影响液体的表面张力。在目前阶段, 已经有可能通过毛细管特征频率的变化来监测表面张力的变化。此外, 水墙设备的柔软度是固体设备的百万倍, 从而提高了传感器的灵敏度。
根据这种?…
Declarações
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项研究得到了以色列科学、技术和空间部的支持;icore: 以色列卓越中心 “光圈” 赠款第1802/12号, 由以色列科学基金会赠款2012号。作者感谢卡伦·阿迪·坦库斯 (kat) 的有益编辑。
Materials
| Deioniyzed Water | 18MOhm resistance | ||
| Micropipettes, Borosilicate Glass, round, inner diameter 850 micron | Produstrial.com | #133260 | |
| Micropipettes, Borosilicate Glass, round, inner diameter 150 micron | Produstrial.com | #133258 | |
| High voltage, low current source, 3kV with 5 mA. | Bertan | Model 215 | |
| High voltage, low current source, 8 kV with 0.25 mA. | Home build | ||
| Optical fiber | Corning | HI 780 C | 5 meter |
| Optical fiber | Thorlabs | FTO 30 | 5 meter |
| Optical fiber | Thorlabs | FTO 30 | 5 meter |
| Fiber coupled laser | FIS | SMF 28E | |
| Photoreceiver | New Port/ New Focus | 1801-FS | with fiber connection |
| Oscilloscope | Agilent Technologies | DSO-X 3034A | |
| 2 Degree of freedom tilt stagestage | New Port/ New Focus | M-562F-TILT | |
| 3Degree of freedom linear micro translation stage | New Port/ New Focus | M-562F-XYZ | |
| A set of magnets | |||
| Objective 5X | Mitutoyo | MY5X-802 | |
| Objective 20 x | Mitutoyo | MY20X-804 | |
| Zoom | Navitar | 12x Zoom | |
| Microscope tube | Navitar | 1-6015 standard tube | |
| Isopropanol | Sigma Aldrich | 67-63-0 | Spec Grad |
| 2 x Bare Fiber holder | Thorlabs | T711-250 | |
| 2 x Translational Stage | Thorlabs | DT12 | |
| Block of PMMA for fabricating the water reservoir and pipette holder | 150 x 60 x 10 mm | ||
| PTFE-Tape | Gufero | 240453 | |
| Fiber coupled, cw Laser Light Source | New Port/ New Focus | TLB-6712 | 765-781 nm |
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Citar este artigo
Douvidzon, M. L., Maayani, S., Martin, L. L., Carmon, T. Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water. J. Vis. Exp. (141), e58174, doi:10.3791/58174 (2018).