Summary

操作调节任务,以测量斑马芬奇中的歌曲首选项

Published: December 26, 2019
doi:

Summary

我们描述了一种评估斑马雀的歌曲偏好的技术。女性被放置在一个双室笼中,歌曲偏好是通过在一个腔室内登陆来触发一首歌曲的播放次数来衡量的,而在第二个腔室中触发不同的歌曲。使用红外传感器计算栖息着陆。

Abstract

一个操作调理范式用于测试雌性斑马雀的歌曲偏好。Finches 被放置在一个双室笼与连接开口,并表明他们更喜欢歌曲,降落在每个房间内的栖息处。通过中断每个栖息处上方的光电传感器的红外光束,鸟通过位于笼子两侧的扬声器激活歌曲的播放。可免费的软件用于触发每个栖息处的歌曲播放。为了确定每个动物的歌曲偏好,首先通过触发歌曲播放时,她降落在每一栖息处,确定她的室内偏好。然后,将此房间首选项与她的歌曲首选项进行比较。设置最小活动阈值以确保首选项为现实。使用这种方法,我们显示配对的女性更喜欢他们伴侣的歌曲。该方法用于了解多巴胺对歌曲偏好的形成和维护的贡献。

Introduction

生物学中一个基本问题是动物如何形成亲和的纽带。特别是,这些键的产生是什么神经机制,这些基本机制在脊椎动物物种中保存?草原秃鹰为一些对双键形成很重要的神经递质系统提供了线索。特别是,多巴胺通过细胞核积液中的受体作用,可以诱导男性和女性4、5的伙伴偏好。目前还不清楚合作伙伴偏好形成和维护所依据的一般原则是否在进化上得到保护。

一夫一妻制在鸟类中比在哺乳动物中更常见因此,将鸟类的亲和行为机制与其他物种进行比较,对于理解保存的神经基础7、8、9至关重要。一般来说,在许多品种的歌鸟,雄歌被认为是一个诚实的指标,男性健身10,11。雄性斑马雀鸣鸟唱歌以吸引配偶,影响一夫一妻制对12,13的形成。因此,歌曲可以用来确定这些鸟类的伙伴偏好。

女性对伴侣歌曲的偏好机制尚不清楚。中素,催产素的鸟类同源体,似乎在14、15年的对键形成中发挥作用。此外,多巴胺也已被证明在结对形成9,16,17,18中发挥作用。例如,在成对与非成对雀9的细胞核积液中,多巴胺水平较高。

为了研究神经递质系统在双键形成和维护中的作用,我们使用配备红外传感器的操作测试范式来测量歌曲偏好,以触发歌曲播放19。歌曲播放的比例确定了女性对男性歌曲的偏好。在操作调节任务之前,每个女性被隔离长达48小时在一个消声室与她的伴侣为”配对女性”或一个不熟悉的男性,为”未配对的女性”。为了测试多巴胺对歌曲偏好的影响,未配对的女性在与不熟悉的雄性分离时,用D2R多巴胺激动剂治疗两次。这种行为范式基于以前的研究19,20,适合本科生进行研究。

Protocol

所有实验都根据NIH的指导方针,得到W.M.Keck科学部机构护理和使用委员会的批准。所有使用的动物都是成年人(孵化后90天)。 1. 建造歌剧调理室 建立一个由两个相同腔室组成的测试保持架,每个腔室15 x 15 x 17英寸3(图1A)。在靠近栖息室的笼子一侧制作一个小门(作为每个室的入口),切出一个4.5 x 6英寸2英寸的小…

Representative Results

按照协议,我们发现配对的女性更喜欢伴侣的歌曲(图2A)。沉默期间的侧室偏好与歌曲播放期间的侧室偏好有显著差异(t-test针对多个比较进行了更正;p = 0.004;t = 3.35,df = 16)。因此,与陌生男性的歌曲相比,女性优先触发了伴侣的歌曲。 与一个陌生男性配对24-48小时,并给予盐水注射的女性没有偏好他的歌曲,而不是另一个陌生的男性的…

Discussion

我们描述了一种测试斑马雀的歌曲偏好的方法。我们用这个测定来测试配对女性对她伴侣的歌曲的偏好。此外,该测定用于测试多巴胺对天真女性歌曲偏好诱导的影响。这种方法相对便宜,由本科生设计使用,是学生很好的培训工具。其他几项研究已经测试了几种歌曲的偏好,使得这种方法对许多研究鸟类听觉偏好的研究者有用。

Declarações

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

我们感谢佩特拉·格鲁齐克建造行为笼,托马斯·博罗夫斯基博士帮助设计实验,斯蒂芬妮·怀特博士给予她慷慨的支持。HHMI本科暑期研究补助金(HHMI #30052007536到D.S.和L.H.) 资助。

Materials

(-)-Quinpirole sigmaaldrich Q102
acoustic foam Coulbourn Instruments, Allentown, PA H10-24A
audio amplifier – 2 channel Amazon Pyle PCAU46A any small audio amplifier should work
Banner Engineering Q08 Series, emitter. SO60-Q08 https://www.alliedelec.com Stock #:70659809 photoelectric sensor
Banner Engineering Q08 series, receiver. EO60-Q08-AN6X https://www.alliedelec.com Stock #:70699384 photoelectric sensor
Car stereo speakers Amazon Pioneer TS – F1643R
Digital I/O card National Instruments PCI-6503 or USB-6501
LED lights – under-counter Amazon
multifunctional ribbon cable National Instruments 180524-20
sound pressure level meter Amazon
terminal block National Instruments 777101-1

Referências

  1. McGraw, L. A., Young, L. J. The prairie vole: an emerging model organism for understanding the social brain. Trends in Neuroscience. 33 (2), 103-109 (2010).
  2. Young, K. A., Gobrogge, K. L., Liu, Y., Wang, Z. The neurobiology of pair bonding: Insights from a socially monogamous rodent. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 32 (1), 53-69 (2011).
  3. Young, L. J., Wang, Z. The neurobiology of pair bonding. Nature Neuroscience. 7 (10), 1048-1054 (2004).
  4. Aragona, B. J., Liu, Y., Curtis, J. T., Stephan, F. K., Wang, Z. A critical role for nucleus accumbens dopamine in partner-preference formation in male prairie voles. Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (8), 3483-3490 (2003).
  5. Lippert, R. N., et al. Time-dependent assessment of stimulus-evoked regional dopamine release. Nature Communications. 10 (1), 336 (2019).
  6. Lack, D. L. . Ecological adaptations for breeding in birds. , (1968).
  7. O’Connell, L. A., Hofmann, H. A. The vertebrate mesolimbic reward system and social behavior network: a comparative synthesis. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 519 (18), 3599-3639 (2011).
  8. O’Connell, L. A., Hofmann, H. A. Genes, hormones, and circuits: an integrative approach to study the evolution of social behavior. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. 32 (3), 320-335 (2011).
  9. Banerjee, S. B., Dias, B. G., Crews, D., Adkins-Regan, E. Newly paired zebra finches have higher dopamine levels and immediate early gene Fos expression in dopaminergic neurons. European Journal of Neuroscience. 38 (12), 3731-3739 (2013).
  10. Gil, D., Gahr, M. The honesty of bird song: multiple constraints for multiple traits. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 17 (3), 133-141 (2002).
  11. Tomaszycki, M. L., Adkins-Regan, E. Experimental alteration of male song quality and output affects female mate choice and pair bond formation in zebra finches. Animal Behaviour. 70 (4), 785-794 (2005).
  12. Woodgate, J. L., Mariette, M. M., Bennett, A. T. D., Griffith, S. C., Buchanan, K. L. Male song structure predicts reproductive success in a wild zebra finch population. Animal Behaviour. 83 (3), 773-781 (2012).
  13. Zann, R. Reproduction in a Zebra Finch Colony in South-eastern Australia: the Significance of Monogamy, Precocial Breeding and Multiple Broods in a Highly Mobile Species. Emu. 94 (4), 285-299 (1994).
  14. Klatt, J. D., Goodson, J. L. Oxytocin-like receptors mediate pair bonding in a socially monogamous songbird. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1750), 20122396 (2013).
  15. Pedersen, A., Tomaszycki, M. L. Oxytocin antagonist treatments alter the formation of pair relationships in zebra finches of both sexes. Hormones and Behavior. 62 (2), 113-119 (2012).
  16. Adkins-Regan, E. Neuroendocrinology of social behavior. Ilar Journal. 50 (1), 5-14 (2009).
  17. Goodson, J. L., Kabelik, D., Kelly, A. M., Rinaldi, J., Klatt, J. D. Midbrain dopamine neurons reflect affiliation phenotypes in finches and are tightly coupled to courtship. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences the United States of America. 106 (21), 8737-8742 (2009).
  18. Iwasaki, M., Poulsen, T. M., Oka, K., Hessler, N. A. Sexually dimorphic activation of dopaminergic areas depends on affiliation during courtship and pair formation. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 8 (210), (2014).
  19. Gess, A., Schneider, D. M., Vyas, A., Woolley, S. M. Automated auditory recognition training and testing. Animal Behavior. 82 (2), 285-293 (2011).
  20. Woolley, S. C., Doupe, A. J. Social context-induced song variation affects female behavior and gene expression. PLoS Biology. 6 (3), 62 (2008).
  21. Day, N. F., et al. D2 dopamine receptor activation induces female preference for male song in the monogamous zebra finch. Journal of Experimental Biology. 222, (2019).
  22. Hahn, A. H., et al. Discrimination of male black-capped chickadee songs: relationship between acoustic preference and performance accuracy. Animal Behaviour. 126, 107-121 (2017).
  23. Leitão, A., ten Cate, C., Riebel, K. Within-song complexity in a songbird is meaningful to both male and female receivers. Animal Behaviour. 71 (6), 1289-1296 (2006).
  24. Day, N. F., Hobbs, T. G., Heston, J. B., White, S. A. Beyond Critical Period Learning: Striatal FoxP2 Affects the Active Maintenance of Learned Vocalizations in Adulthood. eNeuro. 6 (2), (2019).
  25. Chen, Y., Clark, O., Woolley, S. C. Courtship song preferences in female zebra finches are shaped by developmental auditory experience. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 284 (1855), 20170054 (2017).
  26. Heston, J. B., White, S. A. Behavior-linked FoxP2 regulation enables zebra finch vocal learning. Journal of Neuroscience. 35 (7), 2885-2894 (2015).
  27. Adkins-Regan, E., Tomaszycki, M. Monogamy on the fast track. Biological Letters. 3 (6), 617-619 (2007).
  28. Young, R. L., et al. Conserved transcriptomic profiles underpin monogamy across vertebrates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. , (2019).

Play Video

Citar este artigo
Coleman, M. J., Saxon, D., Robbins, A., Lillie, N., Day, N. F. Operant Conditioning Task to Measure Song Preference in Zebra Finches. J. Vis. Exp. (154), e60590, doi:10.3791/60590 (2019).

View Video