Summary

Ikke-intuberet videoassisteret thorakoskopisk kirurgi

Published: May 26, 2023
doi:

Summary

Her præsenterer vi en ikke-intuberet protokol til udførelse af videoassisteret thorakoskopisk kirurgi med bevaret autonom vejrtrækning.

Abstract

Dobbelt-lumen intubation under generel anæstesi er i øjeblikket den mest almindeligt udførte intubationsteknik til pneumonektomi, kileresektion af lungen og lobektomi. Der er imidlertid en høj forekomst af lungekomplikationer som følge af generel anæstesi med trakeal intubation. Ikke-intubation med bevarelse af frivillig vejrtrækning er et alternativ til anæstesi. Ikke-intubationsprocedurer minimerer de negative virkninger af trakeal intubation og generel anæstesi, såsom intubationsrelateret luftvejstraume, ventilationsinduceret lungeskade, resterende neuromuskulær blokade og postoperativ kvalme og opkastning. Imidlertid er trinene til ikke-intubationsprocedurer ikke detaljeret i mange undersøgelser. Her præsenterer vi en kortfattet ikke-intuberet protokol til udførelse af videoassisteret thorakoskopisk kirurgi med bevaret autonom vejrtrækning. Denne artikel identificerer de betingelser, der er nødvendige for at konvertere fra ikke-intuberet til intuberet anæstesi og diskuterer også fordele og begrænsninger ved ikke-intuberet anæstesi. I dette arbejde blev denne intervention udført på 58 patienter. Derudover præsenteres resultaterne af en retrospektiv undersøgelse. Sammenlignet med intuberet generel anæstesi havde patienter i den ikke-intuberede videoassisterede thoraxkirurgigruppe lavere satser for postoperative lungekomplikationer, kortere operative tider, mindre intraoperativt blodtab, kortere PACU-ophold, et lavere antal dage til fjernelse af brystdræn, mindre postoperativ dræning og kortere hospitalsophold.

Introduction

I det sidste årti er ikke-intuberet videoassisteret thoraxkirurgi (NIVATS) anæstesi gradvist blevet accepteret i klinisk praksis 1,2,3. Selvom denne nye strategi forbedrer patienternes hurtige genopretning og undgår komplikationerne ved generel anæstesi (GA) og en-lungeventilation4, anser mange kirurger denne tilgang som mindre ønskelig end den traditionelle lungeisoleringsteknik.

Blodets iltindhold falder med alderen, og nogle patienter kan have nedsat eller borderline lungefunktion. GA kan være forbundet med en øget risiko for komplikationer hos sådanne patienter, herunder forsinket fremkomst fra anæstesi, luftvejskomplikationer, hæshed, hypoxi og arytenoiddislokation 5,6,7,8,9. I modsætning hertil har flere undersøgelser dokumenteret kortere hospitalsophold blandt patienter, der administreres med NIVATS, samt en reduktion i respiratoriske komplikationer sammenlignet med generel anæstesi blandt lavrisikopatienter10; Derudover er vellykket kirurgi endda blevet rapporteret hos højrisikopatienter med meget dårlig lungefunktion11,12,13.

Spontan ventilation under operationen opnås med omhyggeligt administreret lokalbedøvelse eller en regional nerveblok suppleret med sedation, men hosterefleksen med uventet lungebevægelse kan være problematisk under NIVATS. Der er lidt vægt på og ingen standardbehandling for mediastinal flagren, irriterende hoste eller tachypnoea, som kan forstyrre en kirurgisk procedure. I foreløbige observationer viste resultaterne, at sevofluran kunne nedsætte respirationsfrekvensen og forekomsten af mediastinal flagren under NIVATS, samtidig med at spontan vejrtrækningopretholdes 14. Derfor kan det antages, at indånding af sevofluran kan forhindre hoste og reducere behovet for mekanisk ventilation og derved reducere postoperative lungekomplikationer (PPC’er).

For det første præsenterer denne rapport en trinvis protokol, der beskriver udførelsen af ikke-intuberet videoassisteret thorakoskopisk kirurgi. For det andet blev der udført en retrospektiv undersøgelse for at undersøge de potentielle fordele ved ikke-intuberet anæstesi på postoperative resultater.

Protocol

Undersøgelsen blev godkendt af den etiske komité for det tilknyttede hospital ved Ningbo University School of Medicine (KY20181215) den 10. december 2018. 1. Kriterier for inklusion Inkluder alle patienter (>18 år), der gennemgår pulmonal bullae-resektion, pulmonal kileresektion eller lobektomi. 2. Udelukkelseskriterier Ekskluder patienter baseret på en American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) fysis…

Representative Results

Kliniske data blev retrospektivt indsamlet på 58 på hinanden følgende patienter, der gennemgik ikke-intuberet videoassisteret thorakoskopisk kirurgi fra januar 2016 til december 2022. Patienterne fik et præoperativt besøg af anæstesiologen og fik en detaljeret forklaring af indholdet af anæstesiens informerede samtykkeformular inden anæstesi. Patienterne fik lov til at vælge en af de to grupper (NIVATS-gruppen eller GA-gruppen) af anæstesi, og de underskrev en informeret samtykkeformular. <p class="jove_con…

Discussion

Fordelene ved denne protokol er som følger: (i) tilvejebringelse af et sevofluran inhalationsanæstesiregime for at reducere hosterefleksen under thorakoskopisk kirurgi; (ii) minimering af over-sedation, samtidig med at der skabes et sikkert og smertefrit driftsmiljø for patienter, der gennemgår thoraxkirurgi; (iii) minimering af patientens spontane vejrtrækning og mediastinale svingninger under proceduren under hensyntagen til de tilknyttede tekniske udfordringer. Dette blev opnået ved at tilvejebringe forebyggende…

Declarações

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Dette arbejde blev støttet af den tredje batch af Ningbo Health Youth Technical Cadre-programmet (Dr. Binbin Zhu) og Zhejiang Medical Association Clinical Research Fund Project (Dr. Bin Gao) (2018ZYC-A66).

Materials

20-G top-winged infusion needle BD Intima II 383012 Puncture with a 20-G top-winged infusion needle into the dorsal vein of the non-operative side of the hand.
24-G top-winged infusion needle BD Intima II 383033 Thoracoscopic vagal block techniques
Anesthesia machine Drager A300 Maintenance of respiratory function; Inhalation anesthesia; Monitor for electrocardiography, blood pressure, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide and respiratory rate
Atropine Jiuquan Dadeli Pharma H62020772 Control of heart rate
BIS COVIDIEN B277243 Monitor the level of consciousness
Disposable nerve block needle Tuoren Medical Device  202303007 Nerve block
Facial mask Emedica EM01-105S Provides an effective non-invasive breathing circuit
Fentanyl. Renfu Pharma 21D04021 Analgesia
Flurbiprofen Daan Pharma H20183054 Analgesia
Laryngeal mask  Ambu Aura-i 2012-2664652 Airway management to preserve voluntary breathing
Levobupivacaine Rundu Pharma H20050403 Local Anaesthesia
Lidocaine Kelun Pharma F221129C Local skin infiltration
Norepinephrine Lijun Pharma H61021666 Control of blood pressure
Portable color doppler ultrasound SonoSite M-Turbo Guided nerve block
Propofol Guorui Pharma H20030114 Sedation and hypnosis
Ropivacaine Aspen Pharma 6091403219940 Paravertebral nerve block
Saline Kelun Pharma c221201E1 Assisted subsonic localisation
Sevoflurane  Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd 9081931 Anesthesia induction and maintenance
Sufentanil Jiangsu Enhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd H20203650 Postoperative analgesia

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Bin, G., Wenjun, L., Yu, G., Zhipeng, X., Binbin, Z., Lina, Y. Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery. J. Vis. Exp. (195), e65235, doi:10.3791/65235 (2023).

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