Chapter 16
Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria
![Common Ion Effect](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11408.jpg)
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution…
![Buffers](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11409.jpg)
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a…
![Calculating pH Changes in a Buffer Solution](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11411.jpg)
A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity;…
![Buffer Effectiveness](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11412.jpg)
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes…
![Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11413.jpg)
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of…
![Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11414.jpg)
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be…
![Titration of a Polyprotic Acid](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11416.jpg)
A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process. If the acid dissociation constants of…
![Solubility Equilibria](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11417.jpg)
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many…
![Formation of Complex Ions](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11419.jpg)
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a…
![Precipitation of Ions](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11420.jpg)
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
It is important to…
![Synthesis, Cellular Delivery and <em>In vivo</em> Application of Dendrimer-based pH Sensors](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/50545_t.png)
The development of fluorescent indicators represented a revolution for life sciences. Genetically encoded and synthetic fluorophores with sensing…
![Synthesis of High Purity Nonsymmetric Dialkylphosphinic Acid Extractants](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/56156_t.png)
We present the synthesis of (2,3-dimethylbutyl)(2,4,4'-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid as an example to demonstrate a method for the synthesis of…