Detection of Rhesus Factor in Human Blood Samples using Magnetic Levitation

Published: November 30, 2023

Abstract

Source: Thompson, L. et al., Quantification of Cellular Densities and Antigenic Properties using Magnetic Levitation. J. Vis. Exp. (2021)

This video demonstrates the detection of the Rhesus (Rh) factor in blood samples using a magnetic levitation instrument. The magnetic field aligns and levitates beads and blood cells based on density. Treating the samples with anti-Rh antibodies results in intermediate-density bead-cell complexes' formation, allowing for the differentiation of Rh-positive and Rh-negative red blood cells.

Protocol

All procedures involving human participants have been performed in compliance with the institutional, national, and international guidelines for human welfare and have been reviewed by the local institutional review board. 1. Instrument setup NOTE: Imaging levitating cells requires two rare earth neodymium magnets magnetized on the z-axis to be placed with the same pole facing each other to generate a magnetic field. The distance betw…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Materials

2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid hydrate Sigma Aldrich M-2933 (MES); component of activation buffer
50×2.5×1 mm magnets, Nickel (Ni-Cu-Ni) plated, grade N52, magnetized through 5mm (0.197") thickness K&J Magnetics Custom Magnets used for the magnetic levitation device
Capillary Tube Sealant (Critoseal) Leica Microsystems 267620 Used to cap the ends of the capillary tubes
Centrifuge tube filters (Corning Costar Spin-X) Sigma Aldrich CLS8163 Used to wash beads
Compact Lab Jack Thorlabs LJ750 Used for adjusting the magnetic levitation device
DPBS, no calcium, no magnesium Gibco 14190-144 Solution for bead suspensions
Ethanolamine Sigma Aldrich E9508-100ML Used during a wash step for beads
Fluorescent Plasma Membrane Stain (CellMask Green) Invitrogen C37608 Used to stain Rh+ cells
Gadoteridol Injection ProHance NDC 0270-1111-03 Gadolinium (Gd3+); magnetic solution used to suspend cells
HBSS++ Gibco 14025-092 Solution for sample preparation
Mini Series Post Collar Thorlabs MSR2 Used to secure magnetic levitation device to lab jacks
N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride Sigma Aldrich E1769-10G (EDC); used in antibody coupling reaction
Normal Rabbit IgG Control R&D Systems AB-105-C Used to coat beads as a control condition
Phosphate Buffered Saline (10X Solution, pH 7.4) Boston Bioproducts BM-220 Component of coupling buffer, used for washing steps
Polysorbate 20 (Tween 20) Sigma Aldrich P7949-500ML Component of activation buffer
Polystyrene Carboxyl Polymer Bangs Laboratories PC06004 Top density beads (1.05 g/mL), used for antibody coupling
Rabbit RhD Polyclonal Antibody Invitrogen PA5-112694 Used to coat beads for the dectection of Rh factor in red blood cells
Research Grade Microscope Olympus Provis AX-70 Microscoped used to mount magnetic levitation device and view levitating cells
Rubber Dampening Feet Thorlabs RDF1 Used to support the breadboard table
Square Boro Tubing VitroTubes 8100-050 Capillary tube used for loading sample into Maglev
Sulfo-NHS Thermoscientific 24510 Used in antibody coupling reaction
Translational Stage Thorlabs PT1 Used for focusing and for scanning capillary tube

Play Video

Cite This Article
Detection of Rhesus Factor in Human Blood Samples using Magnetic Levitation. J. Vis. Exp. (Pending Publication), e21851, doi: (2023).

View Video