Summary

En Galvanotaxis Assay for Analyse af neurale Prækursormaterialer cellemigration Kinetics i en eksternt påført Direct Current Electric Field

Published: October 13, 2012
doi:

Summary

I denne protokol vi vise hvordan man opfører brugerdefinerede kamre, der tillader anvendelsen af ​​en jævnstrøm elektrisk felt for at aktivere time-lapse imaging af voksen hjerne afledt neural precursorcelletype translokation under galvanotaxis.

Abstract

Opdagelsen af ​​neurale stam-og progenitorceller (samlet betegnet neurale precursorceller) (NPC) i den voksne pattedyrhjernen har ført til en omfattende forskning med henblik på at udnytte de multipotente og proliferative egenskaber af disse celler til udvikling af neuroregenerative strategier. Et afgørende skridt for en vellykket gennemførelse af sådanne strategier er mobilisering af NPCs mod en læsion site efter exogent transplantation eller at øge svar af de endogene prækursorer, der findes i periventricular region af CNS. Derfor er det vigtigt at forstå de mekanismer, der fremmer, vejlede og forbedre NPC migration. Vores arbejde fokuserer på udnyttelse af jævnstrøms elektriske felter (dcEFs) at fremme og direkte NPC migration – et fænomen kendt som galvanotaxis. Endogene fysiologiske elektriske felter fungerer som kritiske signaler for cellemigrering under normal udvikling og sårheling. Farmakologisk afbrydelse aftrans-neuralrøret potentiale i Axolotl embryoner forårsager alvorlige udviklingsmæssige misdannelser 1. I forbindelse med sårheling, er hastigheden for reparation af sårede hornhinde direkte korreleret med størrelsen af den epitel sår potentiale, der opstår efter beskadigelse, som det fremgår af farmakologisk forøgelse eller afbrydelse af denne dcEF 2-3. Vi har vist, at voksne subependymale NPCs undergår hurtig og rettet katodisk migration in vitro, når de udsættes for et eksternt påført dcEF. I denne protokol beskriver vi vores laboratorium har teknikker til at skabe en enkel og effektiv galvanotaxis assay for høj opløsning, langvarig observation af direkte cellelegemet translokation (migration) på en enkelt-celle niveau. Dette assay ville være egnet til at undersøge de mekanismer, der regulerer dcEF transduktion ind cellulære motilitet ved anvendelse af transgene eller knockout-mus, korte interfererende RNA eller specifikke receptor-agonister / antagonister.

Protocol

Alle procedurer, der involverer håndtering af dyr blev godkendt af University of Toronto Animal Care udvalg i overensstemmelse med de institutionelle retningslinjer (protokol nr. 20.009.387). Følgende metoder bør udføres med sterile redskaber og teknikker, i en laminar strømningshætte givet fald. I protokollen teksten nedenfor, henviser udtrykket "EFH-SFM" til serumfrit medium suppleret med epidermal vækstfaktor, basisk fibroblastvækstfaktor og heparin. EFH-SFM bruges, når…

Representative Results

Kinematisk analyse viser, at i nærværelse af et 250 mV / mm dcEF, udifferentierede NPCs udviser stærkt rettet og hurtig galvanotaxis mod katoden (figur 5A, Movie 1). I mangel af en dcEF, er tilfældige bevægelse af cellerne observeret (fig. 5B, Movie 2). På dette feltstyrke, migrerer> 98% af udifferentierede NPCs for hele 6-8 timer, som de er afbildet, og da døde celler ikke migrerer dette tyder på, at de forbliver levedygtige i denne periode i fravær eller nærvær af en dcE…

Discussion

Denne protokol er blevet tilpasset fra de veletablerede metoder til tidligere undersøgelser 7-9. Galvanotactic kamre kan konstrueres ved anvendelse af en række forskellige teknikker, herunder konstruktionen af et separat glas godt for indespærring af cellepodning, eller ved hjælp af CO 2-laser ablation til mikrofabrikation af den centrale trug 10,11. Nogle teknikker kan være mere arbejdskrævende eller dyre end andre. Vi har beskrevet en enkel og omkostningseffektiv analyse for at k…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Dette arbejde er finansieret af Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (tilskud # 249.669, og # 482.986) og Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (tilskud # 485.508). Forfatterne takker Youssef El-Hayek og Dr. Qi Wan for deres assistance i udviklingen af ​​forsøgsprotokoller.

Materials

Name of item Company Catalogue number Comments
Neural Precursor Cell Isolation
2M NaCl Sigma S5886 11.688 g dissolved in 100 ml dH2O
1M KCl Sigma P5405 7.456 g dissolved in 100 ml dH2O
1M MgCl2 Sigma M2393 20.33 g dissolved in 100 ml dH2O
155 mM NaHCO3 Sigma S5761 1.302 g dissolved in 100 ml dH2O
0.5M Glucose Sigma G6152 9.01 g dissolved in 100 ml dH2O
108 mM CaCl2 Sigma C7902 1.59 g dissolved in 100 ml dH2O
Penicillin-streptomycin Gibco 15070
Bovine pancreas trypsin Sigma T1005
Sheep testes hyaluronidase Sigma H6254
Kynurenic acid Sigma K3375
Ovomucoid trypsin inhibitor Worthington LS003086
DMEM Invitrogen 12100046
F12 Invitrogen 21700075
30% Glucose Sigma G6152
7.5% NaHCO3 Sigma S5761
1M HEPES Sigma H3375 23.83 g dissolved in 100 ml dH2O
L-glutamine Gibco 25030
EGF Invitrogen PMG8041 Reconstitute in 1 ml of hormone mix and aliquot into 20 μl units.
FGF Invitrogen PHG0226 Reconstitute in 0.5 ml of hormone mix and aliquot into 20 μl units.
Heparin Sigma H3149
Apo-transferrin R&D Systems 3188-AT 0.1 g dissolved into 4 ml dH20
Putrescine Sigma P7505 Dissolve 9.61 mg into Apo-transferrin solution
Insulin Sigma I5500 Dissolve 25 mg into 0.5 ml of 0.1N HCl and add to 3.5 ml of dH20
Selenium Sigma S9133
Progesterone Sigma P6149
Standard Dissection Tools Fine Science Tools
Dissection microscope Zeiss Stemi 2000
Galvanotaxis Chamber Preparation
Square glass cover slides VWR 16004
6N Hydrochloric Acid VWR BDH3204-1
High vacuum grease Dow Corning
60 mm Petri dishes Fisher Scientific 0875713A
Poly-L-lysine Sigma P4707
Matrigel BD Biosciences 354234 Thaw and aliquot into 150 μl units
FBS Invitrogen 10082139 Only use if inducing NPC differentiation, otherwise use SFM + EFH culture media as indicated above
Counting microscope Olympus CKX41
Live Cell Time-Lapse Imaging
Silver wire Alfa Aesar 11434
UltraPure Agarose Invitrogen 15510-027
Heat Inactivated FBS Sigma 16140071
PVC tubing Fisher Scientific 80000006 3/32″ID x 5/32″OD
Bleach Clorox
10 cc syringe BD 309604
18 gauge needle BD 305195
Dremel drill Dremel Model 750
Inverted microscope equipped with humidified, incubated chamber Zeiss Axiovert-200M

Recipes

Item Volume
2M NaCl 6.2 ml
1M KCl 0.5 ml
1M MgCl2 0.32 ml
155mM NaHCO3 16.9 ml
1M Glucose 1 ml
108 mM CaCl2 0.09256 ml
Penicillin-streptomycin 1 ml
Autoclaved water 74 ml

Artificial cerebrospinal fluid

Item Volume or Mass
Artificial cerebrospinal fluid 30 ml
Bovine pancreas trypsin 40 mg
Sheep testes hyaluronidase 22.8 mg
Kynurenic acid 5 mg

Trypsin Solution

Item Volume or Mass
SFM 15 ml
Ovomucoid trypsin inhibitor 10 mg

Trypsin Inhibitor Solution

Item Volume
Autoclaved water 37 ml
10X DMEM/F12 10 ml
30% Glucose 2 ml
7.5% NaHCO3 1.5 ml
1M HEPES 0.5 ml
Transferrin, Putrescine solution 4 ml
25 mg insulin solution 4 ml
Selenium 100 μl
Progesterone 100 μl

Hormone Mix (100 ml total, store at -20 °C)

Item Volume
Autoclaved water 37.5 ml
10X DMEM/F12 (3:1) 5 ml
30% Glucose 1 ml
7.5% NaHCO3 0.75 ml
1M HEPES 0.25 ml
Hormone mix 5 ml
L-glutamine 0.5 ml
Penicillin-streptomycin 0.5 ml

Serum Free Media EFH-SFM: add 10 μl of EGF, 10 μl of FGF, and 3.66 μl of Heparin FBS-SFM: add 0.5 ml FBS

Item Volume
Matrigel 150 μl
SFM 3.6 ml

Matrigel Solution Matrigel aliquot should be placed in a box of ice and allowed to thaw slowly over 4-5 hours to form a viscous liquid before mixing with SFM. This will ensure the formation of a smooth layer of Matrigel substrate. If not thawed slowly, the resulting substrate will contain clumps of Matrigel, possibly hindering cell migration.

Item Volume or Mass
UltraPure Agarose 300 mg in 10 ml ddH20
SFM
Heat Inactivated FBS
8 ml
2 ml

Matrigel Solution Mix 8 ml of SFM with 2 ml heat inactivated FBS in a 15 cc falcon tube. Mix agarose with 10 ml ddH20 in an Erlenmeyer flask, and heat in a microwave for 30 sec in 10-sec intervals, ensuring to remove the solution from the microwave after each 10-sec interval and thoroughly mix. Following the final 10-sec microwave period, mix the agarose solution with the SFM/FBS solution and store in a 57 °C water bath.

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Cite This Article
Babona-Pilipos, R., Popovic, M. R., Morshead, C. M. A Galvanotaxis Assay for Analysis of Neural Precursor Cell Migration Kinetics in an Externally Applied Direct Current Electric Field. J. Vis. Exp. (68), e4193, doi:10.3791/4193 (2012).

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