ölçme<em> İn Vitro</emEnzimatik Karakterizasyonu için> ATPaz Aktivitesi
Summary
We describe a basic protocol for quantitating in vitro ATPase activity. This protocol can be optimized based on the level of activity and requirements for a given purified ATPase.
Abstract
ATP-hidrolize edici enzimler ya da ATPaz, hücresel fonksiyonların çeşitli bir dizi çok önemli bir rol oynar. Bu dinamik proteinler, protein kaçakçılığı ve yıkımı, madde geçişinde ve hücresel hareketler gibi mekanik çalışmaları için enerji üretebilir. Burada açıklanan protokol fonksiyonel karakterizasyon için saflaştınldı ATPazların in vitro aktivitesini ölçmek için basit bir testtir. Proteinler, inorganik fosfat serbest sonuçlanan bir reaksiyon ATP hidroliz ve serbest fosfat miktarının bir kolorimetrik tahlil kullanılarak hesaplanır. Bu son derece uyumlu bir protokol kinetik ve bitiş noktası deneylerinde ATPaz aktivitesini ölçmek için ayarlanabilir. Temsili bir protokol aktivitesi ve Epse gereklerine göre burada sağlanan, AAA + ATPaz bakterisinin Vibrio cholerae Tip II salgılanması yer. aktivitesini ölçmek için ihtiyaç duyulan pürifiye protein miktarı, tayinin uzunluğu ve SA zamanlaması ve sayısımpling aralıkları, tampon ve tuzlu bileşim olup, sıcaklık, ko-faktörler, uyarıcı (eğer varsa) gibi burada açıklanan farklı olabilir, ve bu nedenle bazı optimizasyon gerekli olabilir. Bu protokol karakterize ATPaz'ları için temel bir çerçeve sağlar ve hızlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirilir ve kolay gerektiğinde ayarlanabilir.
Introduction
ATPases are integral enzymes in many processes across all kingdoms of life. ATPases act as molecular motors that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to power such diverse reactions as protein trafficking, unfolding, and assembly; replication and transcription; cellular metabolism; muscle movement; cell motility; and ion pumping1-3. Some ATPases are transmembrane proteins involved in transporting solutes across membranes, others are cytoplasmic and may be associated with a biological membrane such as the plasma membrane or those of organelles.
AAA+ ATPases (ATPases associated with various cellular activities) make up a large group of ATPases that share some sequence and structural conservation. These proteins contain conserved nucleotide binding motifs such as Walker-A and -B boxes and form oligomers (generally hexamers) in their active state1. Large conformational changes in these proteins upon nucleotide binding have been characterized among diverse members of the AAA+ family. EpsE is a AAA+ ATPase and member of the bacterial Type II/IV secretion subfamily of NTPases4-6. EpsE powers Type II Secretion (T2S) in Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera. The T2S system is responsible for the secretion of a wide variety of proteins, such as the virulence factor cholera toxin that causes profuse watery diarrhea when V. cholerae colonizes the human small intestine7.
Techniques for quantitating in vitro ATPase activity are varied, but commonly measure phosphate release using colorimetric, fluorescent, or radioactive substrates8-11. We describe a basic method for determining in vitro ATPase activity of purified proteins using a colorimetric assay based on a commercially available malachite green-containing substrate that measures liberated inorganic phosphate (Pi). At low pH, malachite green molybdate forms a complex with Pi and the level of complex formation can be measured at 650 nm. This simple and sensitive assay may be used to functionally characterize new ATPases and to evaluate the roles of potential activators or inhibitors, to determine the importance of domains and/or specific residues, or to assess the effect of particular treatments on enzymatic activity.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Bu biyokimyasal karakterizasyonu için saflaştırılmış proteinlerin in vitro ATPaz aktivitesi ölçüm için genel bir protokoldür. Bu yöntem kolayca optimize edilmiştir; Örneğin protein, tampon ve tuzlu bileşimlerinde, sıcaklık ve deney uzunluğu ve değişken (aralıklarının toplam sayısını da dahil olmak üzere), aralıklarla miktarının ayarlanması aktivitesi kantitatif artırabilir. Ticari olarak temin edilebilen malakit yeşili bazlı reaktifler oldukça duyarlıdır, ve fosfat…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge funding from a National Institutes of Health grant RO1AI049294 (to M. S.).
Materials
| HEPES buffer | Fisher | BP310-500 | |
| Sodium chloride | Fisher | BP358-212 | |
| Magnesium chloride | Fisher | BP214-500 | |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Fisher | BP41325 | |
| 96-well plates (clear, flat-bottom) | VWR | 82050-760 | |
| BIOMOL Green | Enzo Life Sciences | BML-AK111 | Preferred phosphate detection reagent. Caution: irritant. |
| Microplate reader | BioTek Synergy or comparable | ||
| Prism 5 | GraphPad Software | ||
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