Induksjon og vurdering av anstrengelsesutløst Skeletal Muscle skader hos mennesker
Summary
This article describes a safe and reliable method to induce and quantify exertional skeletal muscle damage in human subjects.
Abstract
Sammentrekning-indusert muskelskader via frivillige eksentriske (forlengelses) sammentrekninger tilbyr en utmerket modell for å studere muskel tilpasning og gjenvinning hos mennesker. Heri vi diskutere utformingen av en eksentrisk trening protokollen til å indusere skader i quadriceps muskler, preget av endringer i styrke, sårhet, og plasma kreatin kinase nivå. Denne metoden er enkel, etisk, og mye brukt fordi den utføres i humane deltakerne og eliminerer arts oversettelse av resultatene. Emner utføre 300 maksimale eksentriske kontraksjoner av kneet ekstensormuskler med en hastighet på 120 ° / sek på en isokinetisk dynamometer. Omfanget av skaden er målbar ved hjelp av relativt ikke-invasive isokinetic og isometriske tiltak av styrke tap, sårhet, og plasma kreatin kinase nivå over flere dager etter trening. Derfor kan dens anvendelse være rettet mot bestemte populasjoner i et forsøk på å identifisere mekanismer for muskeltilpasning og regenerering.
Introduction
The overall goal of this procedure is to induce exertional damage to the quadriceps femoris muscles using voluntary lengthening (eccentric) contractions in human subjects.
Contraction-induced skeletal muscle damage is a common consequence of exercise that is marked by delayed onset muscle soreness1, transient strength loss, and elevated muscle-specific enzymes in the blood2. Exertional muscle damage is most pronounced following exercise to which the subject is unaccustomed, particularly when eccentric contractions are involved3. Exertional muscle damage is typically benign. Soreness subsides, and both serum proteins and strength typically return to pre-damage levels within a few days to weeks after the damaging insult. In extreme cases, exertional muscle damage can lead to a life-threatening syndrome know as rhabdomyolysis. However, exertional muscle damage is usually insufficient to cause clinical rhabdomyolysis in healthy individuals4 in the absence of compounding factors including heat stress, dehydration5, infection6 or rare genetic predispositions7.
Contraction-induced muscle damage is typically less severe than toxin-induced or freezing-induced injury, methods often used in rodent studies8,9. Yet, contraction-induced injury provides a useful method to study the muscle damage response with notable advantages. First, it is a safe and ethical method for use with human subjects1-3. Thus, interspecies translation of the results is not needed as data can be obtained directly from human subjects. Moreover, translating data obtained from rodent studies is very difficult given that the severity of injury seen in the rodent injury models exceeds the level of damage that would be ethical to induce in human subjects. Second, contraction-induced damage is commonly experienced and a natural process of exercise. Therefore, this mode of damage induction is useful for studying muscle damage in the context of exercise, adaptation to exercise as well as overt muscle injury. Here we describe a safe and reliable method to induce and evaluate skeletal muscle damage using lengthening contractions in humans.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Flere trinn er avgjørende for å oppnå de ønskede resultatene av denne protokollen. For det første må fag være tilstrekkelig kjent til kontraksjonskreftene protokoller, særlig styrkemålinger. Pass på at motivet forstår akkurat hva de forventes å gjøre, og gi dem en mulighet til å øve på styrketester før datainnsamling. Emner som ikke er tilstrekkelig kjent med disse prosedyrene kan vise en læringskurve i løpet av de dagene etter skaden induksjon. Dette kan være en konfunderende variabel gjengi styrkem…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors have no acknowledgements.
Materials
| Biodex Dynomometer | Biodex Medical Systems | 850-000 | Other models are available and should produce similar results |
| Creatine Kinase kit | Sigma-Aldrich | MAK116 | |
| Serum Vacutainers | BD Bioscience | 367812 | |
| Winged safety push button blood collection set | BD Bioscience | 367338 | |
| Cryogenic vials | Sigma-Aldrich | V5007 | We use the 2mL vials to store serum aliquots |
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