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Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Results
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Behavior

有效地记录不协调谱的眼手协调

Published: March 21, 2019
doi:
10.3791/58885
, , , ,
1Dept. of Rehabilitation Med,New York University Langone Health, 2Dept. of Neurology,New York University Langone Health, 3Dept. of Ophthalmology,New York University Langone Health

Summary

脑损伤会损害眼部和体细胞运动系统。损伤后运动控制的特性提供了有助于疾病检测、监测和预后的生物标志物。我们回顾了一种测量眼手运动控制在健康和病理不协调的方法, 用观察和接触的范式来评估眼睛和手之间的协调。

Abstract

对眼球运动的客观分析有着重要的历史, 长期以来被证明是脑损伤背景下的重要研究工具。定量记录具有强大的诊断筛选能力。同时检查针对共同功能目标 (如手眼部协调) 的眼睛和上肢运动, 可作为捕获和询问神经损伤 (包括后天脑损伤 (ABI) 的额外有力的生物标志).虽然三维定量双效应器记录在 ABI 设置的眼科手动电机调查中提供了充分的机会, 但这种眼睛和手的双副记录在病理环境中具有挑战性, 特别是当接近与研究级的严谨。在这里, 我们描述了眼睛跟踪系统与运动跟踪系统的集成, 该系统主要用于肢体控制研究, 以研究自然行为。该协议能够调查不受限制的三维手部协调任务。更具体地说, 我们回顾了一种方法来评估眼睛手协调在视觉引导到到达任务的受试者慢性大脑中动脉 (MCA) 中风, 并将它们与健康的对照进行比较。特别注意特定的眼部和边缘跟踪系统属性, 以便从参与者受伤后获得高保真度数据。采样率、精度、给定的预期公差允许头移动范围和使用的可行性是选择眼动仪和方法时考虑的几个关键特性。肢体跟踪器是根据类似的标题选择的, 但包括需要三维记录、动态互动和小型化的物理足迹。该方法提供的定量数据和正确执行的整体方法具有巨大的潜力, 可以进一步提高我们对手眼控制的机械理解, 并有助于为可行的诊断和务实干预提供信息。神经和康复实践。

Introduction

神经功能的一个关键要素是眼手协调或集成眼动和手动运动系统, 以规划和执行综合功能, 实现一个共同的目标, 例如, 看, 达到和抓住电视遥控器。许多有目的的任务取决于视觉引导的行动, 例如伸手、抓握、对象操作和工具用途, 取决于时间和空间上的结合的眼睛和手的运动。获得脑损伤 (ABI) 不仅会导致肢体功能障碍, 还会导致眼功能障碍;最近, 也有证据表明眼手协调功能障碍1。协调的眼手运动控制程序容易受到血管、创伤和退行性病因损伤的侮辱。这些侮辱可能会导致集成和快速电机控制 2、3、4、5、6所需的任何不可或缺的关系之间的崩溃。许多关于手动运动功能的研究已经完成, 并利用视觉引导作为范式的核心支柱, 没有一个方法或协议来同时分析眼睛的运动。

在 ABI, 在床边临床检查过程中经常发现明显的运动缺陷。然而, 同时出现的眼动运动障碍和复杂的缺陷涉及感觉和运动系统的整合可能是亚临床的, 需要客观记录, 以确定7,8, 9, 10、11、12、13、14、15、16。探高手运动协调依赖于一个庞大且相互关联的大脑网络, 这突出表明需要进行详细的研究。通过双客观记录进行眼手协调评估, 提供了一个机会来分析多个人群中的认知和运动功能, 包括健康控制和有脑损伤史的受试者, 从而提供了对大脑损伤史的洞察大脑电路和功能3。

虽然囊体是弹道运动, 根据任务需要的不同, 其幅度可能会有所不同, 但研究表明, 在视觉引导的行动17、18、19、20. 事实上, 最近的实验表明, 这两个运动的控制系统共用规划资源 21、22.眼手协调的运动规划枢纽位于后顶叶皮层。在中风中, 有众所周知的缺陷, 在电机控制;在接受一组神经命令的情况下, 偏偏不线患者已被证明会产生不准确的预测, 当被要求进行视觉引导的手部运动时, 使用受影响较大的 (对侧) 或受影响较小的 (同侧) 肢体23 24,25,26,27,28, 29.此外, 手部协调和相关的运动控制程序容易受到侮辱后, 神经损伤, 脱钩的关系, 时间和空间, 在效果30之间.客观记录眼部和手部控制是重要的表征不协调或协调程度的损害, 并提高科学认识眼手运动控制机制在功能的背景下。

虽然在健康对照 17、31、32、33、34中,有许多关于眼手协调的研究, 但我们的小组通过设置神经损伤, 使之处于领先水平。例如, 在行程电路评估过程中, 研究了手部运动的空间和时间组织, 通常是为了响应视觉上显示的空间目标。将客观特征扩大到眼睛和手的研究几乎完全集中在记录中风后或病理环境中的效应的性能能力上;所述协议能够在无约束和自然运动中对视觉和手动运动控制进行可靠的表征。在这里, 我们描述了在研究的技术, 在视导的囊到到达运动的受试者慢性大脑中动脉 (MCA) 中风相对于健康的控制。对于同步记录的囊和触角, 我们采用并发眼和手运动跟踪。

Protocol

1. 参与者 招募18岁以上的对照参与者, 没有神经功能障碍、严重眼损伤、严重抑郁症、重大残疾和/或电气植入的历史。 招募18岁以上的中风参与者, 有脑损伤史的大脑中动脉分布, 有能力完成 fugl-meyer 量表, 保持 35, 36 眼动的全范围,有执行指点任务的能力, 没有额外的神经功能障碍的历史, 显著的眼睛健康合并症, 严重抑郁症, 重大残疾和/或…

Representative Results

30名参与者参加了这项研究。对照组有 1 7名参与者, 中风组有 1 3 人。两名参与者无法完成整个实验, 因此他们的数据被排除在分析之外。 人口统计和问卷评估 表 1显示了具有代表性的中风群的临床和人口特征。 <p class="jove_content" fo:keep-together.within-page="1…

Discussion

眼睛和手部跟踪系统作为客观探索球室手动电机系统特性的可用工具的出现加快了研究, 从而实现了细致入微的记录方法, 可作为日常活动中的一项重要任务–眼手协调。许多自然的动作依赖任务是视觉引导, 并依赖于视觉作为一个主要的感官输入。凝视是通过将中央视觉指向关键空间目标的视觉运动命令编程的;这些信息是关键的, 有助于获得手的目标。关键是要有效、准确地执行协调的眼眼行为?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

我们要感谢塔玛拉·布希尼克博士和 NYULMC Rusk 研究小组的想法、建议和贡献。这项研究得到 5K12 HD001097 (J-RR、MSL 和 PR) 的支持。

Materials

27.0" Dell LED-Lit monitor  Dell S2716DG QHD resolution (2560 x 1440)
ASUS ROG G750JM 17-Inch  AsusTek Computer Inc
Eye Link II SR-Research 500 Hz binocular eye monitoring
0.01 º RMS resolutions
Matlab MathWorks
Polhemus MicroSensor 1.8  Polhemus 240 Hz, 0.08 cm accuracy
DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST

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Tags

Eye-hand CoordinationIncoordinationEye MovementsVisual GuidanceSaccadeReach TasksMiddle Cerebral Artery StrokeMotor ControlBiomarkerExperimental ProcedureSmooth PursuitSaccadesConvergenceDivergence

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Rizzo, J., Beheshti, M., Fung, J., Rucker, J. C., Hudson, T. E. Efficiently Recording the Eye-Hand Coordination to Incoordination Spectrum. J. Vis. Exp. (145), e58885, doi:10.3791/58885 (2019).
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