Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Rahul Singh; Seok Hoon Hong; Daejoong Kim

doi:10.3791/62309

JoVE Journal > Engineering

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Engineering

用于制造反向电透析装置的离子交换膜

Published: July 20, 2021

doi:

10.3791/62309

Rahul Singh, Seok Hoon Hong, Daejoong Kim

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering,Energy Engineering Lab, Sogang University

Summary

我们演示了使用离子交换膜（CEM）和离子交换膜（AEM）发电的逆向电透析设备的制造。

Abstract

反向电透析（RED）是一种有效的方法，使用离子交换膜（CEM）和离子交换膜（AEM）将水中的两种不同的盐浓度混合在水中。RED 堆栈由离子交换膜和离子交换膜的交替排列组成。RED 设备是满足未来能源危机普遍需求的潜在候选设备。在这里，在本文中，我们演示了使用实验室规模的 CEM 和 AEM 制造反向电透析设备用于发电的程序。离子交换膜的活性面积为49厘米^2。在本文中，我们提供了一个合成膜的分步程序，然后是堆栈的组装和功率测量。还解释了测量条件和净功率输出计算。此外，我们描述了为获得可靠结果而考虑的基本参数。我们还提供一个理论参数，影响与膜和饲料溶液相关的整体细胞性能。简言之，这个实验描述了如何在同一平台上组装和测量红细胞。它还包含使用 CEM 和 AEM 膜估算 RED 堆栈净功率输出的工作原理和计算。

Introduction

从自然资源中获取能源是一种经济的方法，是环保的，从而使我们的星球绿色和清洁。到目前为止，已经提出了几个提取能量的过程，但反向电透析（RED）具有巨大的潜力来克服能源危机问题^1。逆向电透析发电是全球能源脱碳的技术突破。顾名思义，RED是一个反向过程，其中备用细胞室充满了高浓度盐溶液和低浓缩盐溶液^2。从隔间末端的电极收集的离子交换膜上的盐浓度差产生的化学潜力。

自2000年以来，发表了许多研究文章，从理论和实验上深入了解了红色^3、4。对应力条件下的操作条件和可靠性研究进行系统研究，改进了堆栈结构，提高了整体单元格性能。一些研究小组已经将注意力转移到RED的混合应用上，如红与海水淡化工艺^5，红色与太阳能^6，红色与反渗透（RO）过程^5，RED与微生物燃料电池^7，红色与辐射冷却过程^8。如前所述，在实施RED的混合应用以解决能源和清洁水问题方面有很大的空间。

采用了几种方法来提高红细胞的性能和膜的离子交换能力。使用硫酸组（-SO₃H）、磷酸组（-PO₃H_2）和碳酸组（-COOH）定制不同类型的离子的cation交换膜是改变膜物理化学特性的有效方法之一。离子交换膜是用铵组 ^（）9量身定做的。AEM 和 CEM 的高离子电导率而不降低膜的机械强度，是选择合适的膜进行设备应用的关键参数。应力条件下的坚固膜为膜提供机械稳定性，并增强设备的耐久性。在这里，高性能独立硫化聚（乙醚醚酮）（sPEEK）作为cation交换膜与FAA-3作为离子交换膜的独特组合用于红色应用。图1 显示了实验过程的流程图。

图1：程序图。流程图介绍了离子交换膜制备的程序，然后是反向电透析测量过程。请单击此处查看此图的较大版本。

Protocol

1. 实验要求购买离子交换离子聚合物、E-550 硫化-PEEK 聚合物纤维，以准备 CEM 和 FAA-3 来准备 AEM。使用前，请确保所有离子聚合物都存储在清洁、干燥和无尘环境中。使用高纯度（>99%）溶剂，包括分子量为99.13克摩尔-1 的N-甲基丙酮和N-二甲基乙酰胺分子量为87.12，用于制备同质离子体溶液。确保所有分析级化学品和溶剂都用于膜制备，无需进一步净化。膜激活过程?…

Representative Results

净功率输出红细胞通常从盐溶液的盐度梯度产生电能，即离子通过膜朝相反的方向运动。要正确组装红色堆栈，需要对齐堆栈中的所有层，包括电极、垫片、膜和隔膜，如图 4 和图 5中的示意图所示。如果堆栈不完全对齐，可能会出现两个问题：（i）堆栈中可能发生 HC 和 LC 解决方案交叉流，堆栈中溶液的（ii）泄漏可能发生。在开?…

Discussion

RED 的工作原理主要由膜的物理化学特性主导，这是 RED 系统的重要组成部分， 如图 3所示。在这里，我们描述了膜的基本特征，以提供高性能的红色系统。膜的特异性离子渗透性使其通过聚合物纳米通道传递一种离子。顾名思义，CEM 可以将离子从一侧传递到另一侧并限制离子，而 AEM 可以传递 anion 并限制离子。如图 2所示，所有膜都被塑造成红色堆栈?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

这项工作得到了韩国国家研究基金会（NRF）资助的支持，该赠款由韩国政府资助（MEST）（ No.NRF-2017R1A2A2A05001329）。手稿的作者感谢大韩民国汉城的索冈大学。

Materials

AEM based membrane	Fumion	P1810-194	Ionomer
CEM based membrane	Fumion	E550	Ionomer
Digital torque wrench	Torqueworld	WP2-030-09000251	wrench
Labview software	Natiaonal Instrument	–	Software
Laptop	LG	–	PC
Magnetic stirrer	Lab Companion	–	MS-17BB
N, N-Dimethylacetamide	Sigma aldrich	271012	Chemical
N-Methyl-2- pyrrolidone	Daejung	872-50-4	Chemical
Peristaltic pump	EMS tech Inc	–	EMP 2000W
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate	Sigma aldrich	P3289	Chemical
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)	Sigma aldrich	244023	Chemical
Pressure Gauge	Swagelok	–	Guage
Reverse electrodialysis setup	fabricated in lab	–	Device
RO system pure water	KOTITI	–	Water
Rotary evaporator	Hitachi	YEFO-KTPM	Induction motor
Sodium Chloride	Sigma aldrich	S9888	Chemical
Sodium Hydroxide	Merk	1310-73-2	Chemical
Source meter	Keithley	–	2410
Spacer	Nitex, SEFAR	06-250/34	Spacer
Sulfuric acid	Daejung	7664-93-9	Chemical
Tube	Masterflex tube	96410-25	Rubber tube

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Singh, R., Hong, S. H., Kim, D. Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device. J. Vis. Exp. (173), e62309, doi:10.3791/62309 (2021).