Summary

腹腔镜右后切除术技术:Glissonian 入路和实质横断技术

Published: October 06, 2023
doi:

Summary

在这里,我们提出了进行腹腔镜右后切除术的方案,重点关注两个关键方面:用于控制流入的肝内 Glissonian 方法和使用超声手术抽吸器的实质横切技术。

Abstract

腹腔镜肝切除术 (LLR) 已被广泛接受为肝肿瘤的治疗选择。与开放性肝切除术相比,它们具有多项优势,包括更少的失血、更少的伤口疼痛和更短的住院时间,具有可比的肿瘤学结果。然而,腹腔镜切除肝脏右后部病变具有挑战性,因为难以控制出血和可视化手术区域。过去,腹腔镜右后切除术(LRPS)仍处于探索阶段,在2014年第二届LLR国际共识会议上存在风险。然而,最近的技术进步和增加的手术经验表明,LRPS是安全可行的。已发现与开放手术相比,它可以减少住院时间和失血。本手稿旨在详细描述LRPS所涉及的步骤。促成我们在这个具有挑战性的手术中取得成功的关键因素包括适当的肝脏回缩和暴露,使用肝内格利森方法进行流入控制,一种称为“超声手术刀模拟 Cavitron 超声手术抽吸器 (CUSA)”的技术用于实质横切,早期识别右肝静脉,以及使用双极透热疗法进行细致的出血控制。

Introduction

腹腔镜肝脏手术已被证明比开腹肝切除术具有多项优势,包括减少失血、减少伤口疼痛和缩短住院时间,同时保持可比的肿瘤学结果 1,2,3,4。尽管 LRPS 以前被认为是一种相对禁忌症,因为它的解剖位置很深,而且在出血控制方面存在挑战,但最近的进展已经证明了它的安全性和可行性 2,5,6,7。已经开发了各种策略和手术设备来克服这些挑战。然而,对于LRPS的最佳手术技术和设备尚未达成共识。

在本文中,我们旨在详细描述我们中心 LRPS 所涉及的步骤,特别关注用于流入控制的肝内 Glissonian 方法,一种称为“超声手术刀模拟 Cavitron 超声手术抽吸器 (CUSA)”的新技术,用于实质横切、右肝静脉的早期识别以及使用双极透热疗法进行细致的出血控制。Machado 等人和 Topal 等人报道了腹腔镜肝内 Glissonian 方法的可行性和安全性 8,9,10。腹腔镜技术在解剖 Glissonian 蒂时提供了更好的可视化和精确度。该方法可维持流向残余肝脏的血流,从而降低缺血性损伤的风险。此外,这种方法可以精确划分正在切除的肝段,使手术更加精确并降低出血风险。权教授于 2019年 11 月介绍了“超声手术刀模拟 CUSA”技术,该技术已被证明可以减少术中失血和手术时间11,12

本研究讨论了一个代表性案例,以详细说明在方案中执行的步骤。病人为一名54岁男性,慢性乙型肝炎携带者。在超声筛查期间,在第 6 段发现了肝脏肿块。术前进行三相计算机断层扫描 (CT) 扫描,显示 5.7 cm 高血管肿瘤,第 7 节有动脉增强和静脉端口清除(图 1)。甲胎蛋白 (AFP) 水平为 2 ng/ml。Child-Pugh 评分为 5 分(A 级)。吲哚菁绿保留15 min为7.5%。残余肝容积(RLV)为45%。根据患者的肝炎状况和肿瘤的放射学特征,将肿块视为肝细胞癌。患者接受了腹腔镜右后切除术,包括右肝静脉。

Protocol

该协议遵循广华医院人类研究伦理委员会的指导方针。 1. 术前检查 检查三相 CT 扫描以评估疾病范围和血管解剖结构。 进行吲哚菁绿 (ICG) 保留试验以正确评估肝功能。理想情况下,患者接受大肝切除术所需的 ICG 保留率低于 15。 进行 CT 容积测定以确保足够的残余肝容积 (RLV)。肝硬化需要 40% RLV,而正常肝脏需要 30…

Representative Results

代表性病例总手术时间738分钟,估计失血量400毫升。病人在重症监护病房接受了2天的护理。恢复顺利,患者于术后第5天出院。标本的组织病理学检查显示中度分化的胆管癌,尺寸为 8.0 cm x 5.5 cm x 4.5 cm。没有神经周围或淋巴血管通透。切除切缘为14 mm。美国癌症联合委员会 (AJCC) 分期(第 8 版 )为 pT1bN0M0。手术后定期对他进行随访。随访方案是前 2 年随访 3 个月,随后随访 6 个月。随?…

Discussion

手术的关键组成部分包括用于控制流入的肝内 Glissonian 方法、“超声手术刀模拟 CUSA”实质横切技术、早期识别右肝静脉和通过双极透热疗法进行细致的出血控制。

该协议的第一个关键步骤是识别和控制右后椎弓根。Glissonian 方法最初作为肝外 Glissonian 蒂控制引入开腹肝脏手术23,并且与减少失血和比筋膜内方法更快相关 24,25,26。<su…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

该研究是自费的。

Materials

3D ENDOEYE Flex Olympus  LTF-S190-10-3D Flexible tip laparoscopic camera
5 mm ROBI Bipolar Grasping Forceps KARL STORZ 38851 ON atraumatic, fenestrated forceps
AESCULAP Challenger Ti-P Barun PL520L Pneumatic driven multi-fire clip applicator. 5 mm metal clips
Endo GIA Reloads with Tri-Staple Technology, 30 mm, Tan colour Medtronic  SIG30AVM Tristaple system that has stepped cartridge face that delivers graduated compression and three rows of varied height staples. Staple height 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm.
Endo GIA Ultra Universal Stapler Medtronic  EGIAUSTND Manual stapler that compresses tissue while it simultaneously lays down a staple line and transects the tissue
HARMONIC ACE+7 Shears Ethicon HARH36 Curved tip, energy sealing and dissecting, diameter 5 mm, length 36 cm
Hem-o-lok Clips L Weck Surgical Instruments, Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC 544240 Vascular clip 5–13 mm Size Range
Hem-o-lok Clips ML Weck Surgical Instruments, Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC 544230 Vascular clip 3–10 mm Size Range
Hem-o-Lok Polymer Ligation System Weck Surgical Instruments, Teleflex Medical, Durham, NC 544965
Profocus 2202 Ultraview 800 BK Medical  N/A Intraoperative Ultrasonography

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Cite This Article
Yip, A. S. M., Cheng, K. C., Ho, K. M., Chan, K. M. Techniques of Laparoscopic Right Posterior Sectionectomy: Glissonian Approach and a Parenchymal Transection Technique. J. Vis. Exp. (200), e65668, doi:10.3791/65668 (2023).

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