Chapter 14
Gene Expression
![What is Gene Expression?](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10797.jpg)
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression…
![The Central Dogma](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10798.jpg)
The central dogma of biology states that information encoded in the DNA is transferred to messenger RNA (mRNA), which then directs the synthesis of…
![RNA Structure](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10799.jpg)
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form…
![RNA Stability](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/11009.jpg)
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural…
![Types of RNA](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10800.jpg)
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform…
![MicroRNAs](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10801.jpg)
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of…
![Epigenetic Regulation](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10803.jpg)
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases…
![RNA Interference](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10804.jpg)
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its…
![Quantification of Information Encoded by Gene Expression Levels During Lifespan Modulation Under Broad-range Dietary Restriction in <em>C. elegans</em>](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/56292_t.png)
Quantification of Information Encoded by Gene Expression Levels During Lifespan Modulation Under Broad-range Dietary Restriction in C. elegans
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Sensory systems allow animals to detect, process, and respond to their environment. Food abundance is an environmental cue that has profound effects…
![Single-cell Gene Expression Profiling Using FACS and qPCR with Internal Standards](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/55219_t.png)
Gene expression measurements from bulk populations of cells can obscure the considerable transcriptomic variation of individual cells within those…