Summary

调查大鼠社会组织和互动的复杂潜水换食物任务

Published: May 08, 2021
doi:

Summary

该协议描述了在老鼠模型中检查社会等级的方法。老鼠执行复杂的潜水换食物任务,根据它们愿意潜入水下和游泳以获得食物颗粒,它们形成了一个独特的等级制度。这种方法用于了解小群体中高度社会化动物之间的决策和社会关系。

Abstract

对于许多物种来说,地位是影响健康的重要动力,社会等级制度影响行为。包括支配顺从关系的社会等级制度在动物和人类社会中都很常见。这些关系可能受到与他人及其环境的相互作用的影响,因此在受控研究中很难分析这些关系。这种形成不是简单的支配等级制度,而是一个复杂的表述,允许老鼠避免侵略。地位可能停滞不前或多变,并导致复杂的社会分层。在这里,我们描述了一个复杂的潜水换食物的任务,以调查啮齿动物的社会等级和行为相互作用。这种动物模型可以让我们评估各种精神疾病与社会组织之间的关系,并研究治疗社会功能障碍的有效性。

Introduction

老鼠是高度社会化的动物,是理解社会行为及其与决策的关系的理想模式。老鼠根据支配和顺从的关系将自己分成等级组。老鼠可以接受训练的任务,表达合作,风险管理,欺骗行为,和行为的变化,这取决于其他大鼠1,2的决定。用老鼠模型来表达这些行为的研究证明有助于理解社会结构及其与决策的关系,与人类心理学相关。

作为一种必要的资源,获得食物是大鼠之间社会组织的主要原因。在获得食物的机会有限的情况下,人们观察到天真的老鼠从事社会互动和差异化。在一项研究中,成年大鼠被要求穿过水下的隧道才能获得食物,然后通过隧道将食物带回笼子9号。每组的个体大鼠都能够按照获得食物的方法进行分类。出现了两种行为特征:第一种是”携带者”,它们潜入水下,游到喂食器,获得颗粒,并在它们游回笼子时将颗粒塞进嘴里。第二组是”非携带者”,他们不潜水,只通过从航母上偷东西来获取食物。在六只老鼠中,大约一半是携带者,另一半不是9只。当所有老鼠在潜水器械10中单独训练时,它们都被观察为携带者。

类似的动物行为任务涉及食物或空间的竞争,并已雇用鸡11,啮齿动物12,13,14,15和猪16。在管测试中,两只老鼠从两端通过一根窄管被送出,其中一只老鼠必然让位给另一只老鼠。这项测试有助于衡量社会支配地位17,18,19。一种被称为”暖点测试”的行为测试让老鼠在原本寒冷的笼子里争夺一个位置。

随后的潜水换食物任务更为复杂,允许携带者老鼠进入第二个笼子,远离非携带者,在那里它们可以单独食用食物在本协议中,我们提出了一个潜水换食物的任务,作为大鼠社会等级和行为的替代模式。这种以潜水换食物的任务为大鼠提供了一种方法,以避开主笼的社会群体,从而逃避侵略和其他老鼠的社会互动。这项任务引入了避免老鼠的社会行为的选择,可以阐明我们对社会侵略的理解。

社会功能,描述从事正常社会角色的能力,可以受到抑郁症3等条件的影响。抑郁的人经常与失业作斗争,很少社会交往,很少从事休闲活动。抑郁症的有效治疗通常通过改善社会和人际功能衡量。然而,抗抑郁治疗在治疗与抑郁症有关的社会功能障碍方面的有效性各不相同。

在这种方法中,我们通过慢性应激测试诱导了大鼠的抑郁症状疾病,并通过蔗糖偏好测试评估了大鼠的抗抑郁状态,这是抑郁症状状态的特征之一。与对照组相比,安赫多尼克大鼠以及服用抗抑郁药的抗抑郁大鼠通过潜水换食物任务进行监测。

前面提到的潜水换食物任务类似于食物竞赛测试,通常只使用一对动物或一个二分法作为比较点,如载体和非携带者,以及一个分析,比较提交占主导地位15,17,22。我们的方法定义了老鼠之间更复杂的相互作用,通过分裂到多种行为,包括:携带者和非携带者,那些谁争取食物和那些谁不,和老鼠谁分享食物或去单独的笼子。我们认为,该协议是唯一使用等级制度来评估一组动物中复杂的社会互动结构,而不是成对的社会互动结构的类型。它将有助于基于食物偏好来测试支配地位的研究,以及旨在澄清更多等级关系的研究,这些关系不仅限于占主导地位的顺从模式。

在本协议中,我们详细描述了复杂的潜水换食物任务,以调查大鼠的社会组织和互动与个体行为的变化,特别是在安赫多尼亚发展之后。这种动物模型也可以用来研究与社会行为和等级变化相关的其他精神疾病。

Protocol

这些实验是根据《赫尔辛基和东京宣言》和《欧洲共同体实验动物使用准则》的建议进行的。这些实验得到了内盖夫本-古里安大学动物护理委员会的批准。此实验的授权代码为 IL-55-8-12。 1. 老鼠准备 获得机构动物护理和使用委员会 (IACUC) 的实验批准。 选择成年斯普拉格道利老鼠。排除表现出异常身体特征的动物,如癫痫发作或其他运动缺陷。注:对于?…

Representative Results

体重变化单向 ANOVA 在 21 天的潜水换食物任务中,没有显示实验组之间体重变化的任何差异。从第2天到第21天,所有3组(p<0.01, 表1)的体重都有变化。 蔗糖偏好测试在实验开始时(第0天),用抗抑郁药治疗的实验组(85.1%±18.8)和对照组(85.7%± ±9.9)之间,用抗抑郁疗法治疗的实验组(85.1%)和对照组(85.7%±9.9)之间的蔗糖偏好…

Discussion

社会等级决定许多物种的行为,包括人类,并且通常由基于侵略和顺从的关系来定义。这些关系往往取决于环境因素,除了社会结构35。基于支配和顺从的社会形态是多方面的36,37。在人类中,侵略被描述为包括从非身体欺凌到战争和暴力的行为38,39,40。这些形?…

Divulgations

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

我们要感谢生物、生态和医学系生理学系的奥莱娜·塞韦里诺夫斯卡教授、阿纳斯塔西娅·哈林斯卡教授和玛丽娜·库舍里瓦教授,以及乌克兰德尼普罗大学德尼普罗大学的奥莱斯·洪查尔教授帮助分析社会组织测试的录像。

Materials

Alcohol Pharmacy 99% pharmaceutical alcohol diluted to 5% and used for cleaning the open field test box before the introduction of each rat
Bottles Techniplast ACBT0262SU 150 mL bottles filled with 100 mL of water and 100 mL of 1% (w/v) sucrose solution
Equipment for Diving for Food Task (Plexiglas) self made in Ben Gurion University of Negev Two cages (50 x 50 x 50 cm) to an aquarium (130 x 35 x 50 cm) via tunnels
Imipramine hydrochloride SIGMA Lot# SLBB9914V (Tricyclic antidepressant) 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally once per day for 3 weeks
Purina Chow Purina 5001 Rodent laboratory chow given to rats, mice and hamster is a life-cycle nutrition that has been used in biomedical researc for over 5
Rat Cages Techniplast 2000P Conventional housing for rodents. Was used for housing rats throughout the experiment
Video Camera Canon Digital video camera for high definition recording of rat behavior under plus maze test

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Gruenbaum, B. F., Frank, D., Savir, S., Shiyntum, H. N., Kuts, R., Vinokur, M., Melamed, I., Dubilet, M., Zlotnik, A., Boyko, M. A Complex Diving-For-Food Task to Investigate Social Organization and Interactions in Rats. J. Vis. Exp. (171), e61763, doi:10.3791/61763 (2021).

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