マウス脳の長期イメージングのためのポリッシュと強化間引き頭蓋骨ウィンドウ
Summary
我々は、ミリメートルにまたがると、脳の炎症を伴わないヶ月間安定であるマウスの頭蓋骨の画像ウィンドウを形成する手法を提案する。このメソッドは、よく二光子顕微鏡を用いて血流、細胞のダイナミクス、細胞/血管構造の縦断的研究に適しています。
Abstract
皮質機能のin vivoイメージングでは頭蓋内環境を中断することなく、脳への光アクセスする必要があります。我々は、直径数ミリメートルにまたがって、数ヶ月安定であるマウスの頭蓋骨で洗練された補強薄く頭蓋骨（ポート）ウィンドウを形成する手法を提案する。頭蓋骨は、光学的透明性を達成するためにドリルを開催し、シアノアクリレート系接着剤とカバーガラスで覆われている手で厚さ10から15ミクロンまで薄くされています。1）剛性、2を提供する）、骨再生を阻害し、3）光散乱を低減する骨表面の凹凸から。頭蓋骨が破られていないので、検討されてプロセスに影響を与える可能性の炎症が大幅に削減されます。アップ皮質表面下250μmのへのイメージングの深さは、二光子レーザー走査顕微鏡を用いて達成することができます。このウィンドウは、よく麻酔と覚醒の両方準備に脳血流と細胞機能を研究するのに適しています。それはさらにオペアンプを提供していますoptogeneticsを使用して、細胞の活性を操作するか、または循環する光感受性の照射により、標的血管の血流を妨害するportunity。
Protocol
1。手術の準備I 超音波洗浄器でMaxizymeと外科ミルクの混合物に超音波処理により手術器具をきれいにします。各実験前に、手術器具をオートクレーブします。 必要なすべての試薬と消耗品が使用可能であることを確認してください。試薬や消耗品のリストを表2に記載されています。曝露された組織に接触した試薬および消耗品は、可能な場合は、無菌でなければなり?…
Discussion
Portsウィンドウを介して2つの光子イメージングは薄く骨を介して伝送し、レーザ光 を減衰させ、より大きな深さ8で光学収差を追加する硬膜を必要とします。しかし、この欠点にもかかわらず、軟膜表面下250μmでのイメージングの深さまでは900 nmの励起を実現することができます。大きな画像の深さは、原則的に13より長い励起波長を持つことも可能です。この方法の主?…
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
この作品は、アメリカ心臓協会（AYSのポスドクフェローシップ）と国立衛生研究所（MH085499、EB003832、とOD006831 DKまで）によってサポートされていました。私たちは、原稿上でコメントをベス·フリードマンとパブロ·ブラインダーに感謝します。
Materials
| Agent | Route of delivery | Dose for mouse | Duration | Notes | Source | Ref Ref |
| Pentobarbital (Nembutal) | IP | 90 μg/g | 15-60 min | Narrow safety margin. Work up to proper dose of anesthesia slowly. Supplement 10 % of induction dose as required. | 036093; Butler Schein | 7 |
| Ketamine (Ketaset) mixed with Xylazine (Anased) | IP | 60 μg/g (K)
10 μg/g (X) (mix in same syringe) |
20-30 min | Xylazine is co-injected as a muscle relaxant and analgesic. Supplement only Ketamine at 50% of induction dose as required. | (K) 010177, (X) 033198; Butler Schein | 7 |
| Isoflurane (Isothesia) | Inhalation | 4% mean alveolar concentration (MAC) for induction; 1-2% MAC for maintenance | 4-6 h. | Provided in mixture of 70% oxygen and 30% nitrous oxide. Prolonged anesthesia leads to slow recovery. | 029403; Butler Schein | 26 |
Table 1. Suggested anesthetic agents for survival studies.
| ITEM | COMPANY | CATALOG # / MODEL |
| Betadine | Butler Schein | 6906950 |
| Buprenorphine (Buprenex) | Butler Schein | 031919 |
| Fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, 2 MDa molecular weight | Sigma | FD2000S |
| Isopropyl alcohol | Fisher | AC42383-0010 |
| Lactated Ringer’s Solution | Butler Schein | 009846; |
| Lidocaine solution, 2 % (v/v) | Butler Schein | 002468 |
| Saline | Butler Schein | 009861 |
| Surgical Milk | Butler Schein | 014325 |
| Texas Red dextran, 70 kDa molecular weight | Invitrogen | D1864 |
| Maxizyme | Butler Schein | 035646 |
| DISPOSABLES | ||
| Carbide burrs, 1/2 mm tip size | Fine Science Tools | 19007-05 |
| Cottoned tip applicators | Fisher Scientific | 23-400-100 |
| Cover Glass, no. 0 thickness | Thomas Scientific | 6661B40 |
| Cyanoacrylate glue | ND Industries | 31428 H04308 |
| Gas duster | Newegg | N82E16848043429 |
| Grip cement powder | Dentsply | 675571 |
| Grip cement solvent | Dentsply | 675572 |
| Insulin syringe, 0.3 mL volume with 29.5 gauge needle | Butler Schein | 018384 |
| Nut and bolt to secure the head | Digikey | Nut, H723-ND; bolt, R2-56X1/4-ND |
| Opthalmic ointment | Butler Schein | 039886 |
| Scalpel blades | Fisher Scientific | 12-460-448 |
| Screws, self-tapping #000 | J.I. Morris Company | FF000CE125 |
| Silicone aquarium sealant | Perfecto Manufacturing | 31001 |
| Tin oxide powder | Mama’s Minerals | EQT-TINOX |
| EQUIPMENT | ||
| Glass scribe | Fisher Scientific | 08-675 |
| Dissecting microscope | Carl Zeiss | OPMI-1 FC |
| Electric powered drill | Foredom or Osada | K.1020 (Foredom) or EXL-M40 (Osada) |
| Electrical razor | Wahl | Series 8900 |
| Forceps, Dumont no. 55 | Fine Science Tools | 11255-20 |
| Feedback regulated heat pad | FHC | 40-90-8 (rectal thermistor, 40-90-5D-02; heat pad, 40-90-2-07) |
| Isoflurane vaporizer | Ohmeda | IsoTec4 |
| Pulse oximeter | Starr Life Sciences | MouseOx |
| Screwdriver, miniature | Garret Wade | 26B09.01 |
| Stereotaxic frame | Kopf Instruments | Model 900 (with mouse anesthesia mask and non-rupture ear bars) |
| Surgical scissors, blunt end | Fine Science Tools | 14078-10 |
| Ultrasonic cleaner | Fisher Scientific | 15-335-30 |
Table 2. List of specific reagents, disposables and equipment.
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Tags
Polished And Reinforced Thinned-skull WindowLong-term ImagingMouse BrainIn Vivo ImagingCortical FunctionOptical AccessIntracranial EnvironmentPoRTS WindowOptical ClarityBone Regrowth InhibitionLight Scattering ReductionInflammation ReductionTwo-photon Laser Scanning MicroscopyCerebral Blood FlowCellular FunctionAnesthetized PreparationsAwake PreparationsOptogeneticsBlood Flow Disruption
Citazione di questo articolo
Shih, A. Y., Mateo, C., Drew, P. J., Tsai, P. S., Kleinfeld, D. A Polished and Reinforced Thinned-skull Window for Long-term Imaging of the Mouse Brain. J. Vis. Exp. (61), e3742, doi:10.3791/3742 (2012).