Aβ mutlak Niceleme<sub> 1-42</sub> BOS bir kitle Spektrometrik Referans Ölçüm Prosedürü kullanma
Summary
A reference measurement procedure for the absolute quantification of Aβ1-42 in human CSF based on solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry is described.
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease among the elderly and accounts for 60-80% of all cases of dementia. Currently, the diagnosis of AD is based on cognitive tests and mental state exams, but the peptide amyloid-beta (Aβ) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is increasingly used in clinical trials and settings. As for most protein and peptide biomarkers, quantification is performed using antibody-based techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, intra- and inter-laboratory variability in these assays hamper its use as a diagnostic marker in clinical routine.
An antibody-independent Reference Measurement Procedure (RMP) was developed based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), where stable, isotope-labeled Aβ peptides were used as internal standards, enabling absolute quantification. A high-resolution quadrupole-orbitrap hybrid instrument was used for the measurements. The method allows for the quantification of CSF Aβ1-42 between 150-4,000 pg/mL.
Introduction
Alzheimer hastalığı (AD), demansın en yaygın biçimidir ve dünya çapında 1 ila yaklaşık 35 milyon insanı etkiler. Yaygın AD patogenezinde özünde yalan inanılan hastalığın nöropatolojik işaretlerinden toplu amiloid-beta (Aβ) peptitler 3 oluşan hiperfosforile tau proteininin 2 hücre içi nörofibrillerin ve hücre dışı plaklar vardır. Buna paralel olarak, biyomarkerların tarafından in vivo plak patoloji değerlendirmesi son zamanlarda AD 4 araştırma tanı kriterleri dahil edilmiştir. Aβ 1-42 BOS ölçümleri için, çok sayıda bağışıklık mevcuttur ve çok sayıda klinik laboratuarlarda 5 kullanılır. BOS Aβ 1-42 konsantrasyonu br plaklarda peptidin birikme yansıtan bilişsel normal yaşlılarda daha AD hastalarında yaklaşık olarak% 50 daha düşüktürain 6, 7.
Bu biyolojik esas olarak immün (örneğin, antikor bazlı teknikleri) kullanılarak analiz edilir, ancak bu deneyler, matriks etkileri 8 etkilenebilir. Farklı teknoloji platformları üzerinde immunoassay ve tahlil standardizasyon 9 eksikliği kullanımı 10 11, 12 zorlu küresel kesme konsantrasyonlarının giriş yapar. Analitik doğrulanmış RMP ideal analitik platformlarda daha iyi karşılaştırılabilirlik ve genel ölçüm değişkenliği katkıda bulunan faktörlerden daha iyi kontrol sonuçlanan farklı tahlil platformları üniforma kalibrasyonunu imkan verecek.
Geliştirilmiş LC-MS / MS yöntemi kullanılarak Aβ 1-42 mutlak ölçümü antikor bazlı techn ile bağlantılı sorunların üstesinden geliriques. Laboratuvar Tıp İzlenebilirlik için Ortak Komitesi (JCTLM veritabanı kimlik numarası C11RMP9) tarafından bir RPM olarak listelenen yöntem, BOS Aβ 1 uyumlaştırmak için bir Sertifikalı Referans Malzeme (CRM) içinde Aβ 1-42 mutlak konsantrasyonunu belirlemek için kullanılır teknikleri ve analitik platformlarda -42 ölçümler. açıklanan iş akışı Tıbbın diğer alanlarında peptidler ve proteinler için aday başvuru yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi için alaka olmalıdır.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Tarif edilen yöntem için, bunun yerine bir yedek matris kullanılarak, insan CSF kalibrasyon sağlar taşıyıcı analit yaklaşım 13, 14, 15, 16, kullanılır. vekil analit yaklaşım iki farklı izotopik olarak etiketlenmiş standartları içerir. Başka bir (13 CAβ 142), dahili standart olarak kullanılır ise bir (15 NAβ 142), insan CSF kali…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This work was performed on behalf of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Working Group on CSF Proteins, which has the following composition: Kaj Blennow (Chair) and Henrik Zetterberg, Gothenburg University, Sweden; Les Shaw and Magdalena Korecka, University of Philadelphia, PA, USA; Ingrid Zegers, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium; Piotr Lewczuk, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany; and Rand Jenkins, PPD Bioanalytical Laboratory, Richmond, VA, USA; Randall Bateman, Washington University, MO, USA; and H Vanderstichele, Innogenetics NV, Ghent, Belgium. This work was also part of the Global Consortium for Biomarker Standardization CSF Reference Methods Working Group, which is led by Maria C. Carrillo, Ph.D., Senior Director, Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer’s Association. The study was supported by The Swedish Research Council (grants #14002, #521-2011-4709, and #2013-2546); the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Demensförbundet; and Emil and Wera Cornell’s, Aina Wallström and Mary-Ann Sjöblom’s, Gun and Bertil Stohne’s, Magnus Bergvall’s, and Gamla Tjänarinnor’s Foundations.
Materials
| Eppendorf Protein LoBind microcentrifuge tubes, 0.5 mL | Eppendorf | 022431081 | |
| Eppendorf Protein LoBind microcentrifuge tubes, 1.5 mL | Eppendorf | 022431081 | |
| Eppendorf Protein LoBind microcentrifuge tubes, 2 mL | Eppendorf | 022431102 | |
| Eppendorf Protein LoBind microcentrifuge tubes, 5 mL | Eppendorf | 0030 108.310 | |
| Eppendorf Protein LoBind Deepwell Plates 96 | Eppendorf | 951032905 | |
| Micronic 0.75 mL polypropylene tubes, V-bottom | Micronic | MPW32071BC3 | Tubes used for collecting SPE eluate, but other collection devices can be used such as 96-well plates. |
| Micronic Split TPE Capcluster for 96 ind. tubes | Micronic | MP53026 | Caps for Micronic tubes. |
| Micronic Loborack-96 white w high cover bar coded | Micronic | MPW51015BC3 | Holder for Micronic tubes. |
| Biohit Optifit tips 1.2 mL | Sartorius | 791210 | Used to reach all the way to the bottom of the LoBind deepwell plates (96-well). Other narrow tips might work as well. |
| Waters Oasis MCX 96-well µElution Plate | Waters | 186001830BA | |
| Waters Plate manifold reservoir tray | Waters | WAT058942 | |
| Waters Extraction Plate Manifold for Oasis 96-Well Plates | Waters | 186001831 | |
| Ammonium hydroxide solution, puriss. p.a., reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., ~25% NH3 basis | Sigma-Aldrich | 30501-1L-D | |
| Acetonitrile, Far UV HPLC Gradient grade, 2.5 L | Fisher Scientific | A/0627/17X | |
| ortho-Phosphoric acid 85%, ACS,ISO,Reag. Ph Eur | Merck Millipore | 1005731000 | |
| Guanidine Hydrochloride, 500 g | Thermo Scientific | 24110 | |
| Thermo Scientific Q-exactive Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer | Thermo Scientific | IQLAAEGAAPFALGMAZR | With bundled Dionex Ultimate 3000 LC & autosampler. |
| Dionex ProSwift RP-4H Monolith Column (1.0 x 250mm) | Dionex | 066640 | |
| Bovine Serum Albumin, lyophilized powder, suitable for (for molecular biology), Non-acetylated | Sigma-Aldrich | B6917 | |
| Beta-Amyloid (1-42), Ultra Pure, TFA | rPeptide | A-1002-2 | |
| 15N Beta-Amyloid (1-42), Uniformly labeled | rPeptide | A-1102-2 | |
| 13C Beta-Amyloid (1-42), Uniformly labeled | rPeptide | A-1106-2 | |
| Microplate shakers, TiMix 2 | Edmund Bühler | 6110 000 |
References
- Querfurth, H. W., LaFerla, F. M. Alzheimer’s disease. N Engl J Med. 362 (4), 329-344 (2010).
- Braak, H., Braak, E. Evolution of the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 165, 3-12 (1996).
- Blennow, K., de Leon, M. J., Zetterberg, H. Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet. 368 (9533), 387-403 (2006).
- Dubois, B., et al. Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease: the IWG-2 criteria. Lancet Neurol. 13 (6), 614-629 (2014).
- Blennow, K., Hampel, H., Weiner, M., Zetterberg, H. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 6 (3), 131-144 (2010).
- Buchhave, P., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of beta-amyloid 1-42, but not of tau, are fully changed already 5 to 10 years before the onset of Alzheimer dementia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 69 (1), 98-106 (2012).
- Olsson, B., et al. CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Neurology. 15 (7), 673-684 (2016).
- Bjerke, M., et al. Confounding factors influencing amyloid Beta concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. Int J Alzheimers Dis. , (2010).
- Dumurgier, J., et al. Intersite variability of CSF Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in clinical setting. Alzheimers Dement. 9 (4), 406-413 (2013).
- Mattsson, N., et al. CSF biomarker variability in the Alzheimer’s Association quality control program. Alzheimers Dement. 9 (3), 251-261 (2013).
- Kang, J. H., Korecka, M., Toledo, J. B., Trojanowski, J. Q., Shaw, L. M. Clinical Utility and Analytical Challenges in Measurement of Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-beta1-42 and tau Proteins as Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers. Clin Chem. 59 (6), 903-916 (2013).
- Mattsson, N., et al. Reference measurement procedures for Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers: definitions and approaches with focus on amyloid beta42. Biomark Med. 6 (4), 409-417 (2012).
- Ahmadkhaniha, R., Shafiee, A., Rastkari, N., Kobarfard, F. Accurate quantification of endogenous androgenic steroids in cattle’s meat by gas chromatography mass spectrometry using a surrogate analyte approach. Anal Chim Acta. 631 (1), 80-86 (2009).
- Jemal, M., Schuster, A., Whigan, D. B. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods for quantitation of mevalonic acid in human plasma and urine: method validation, demonstration of using a surrogate analyte, and demonstration of unacceptable matrix effect in spite of use of a stable isotope analog internal standard. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 17 (15), 1723-1734 (2003).
- Leinenbach, A., et al. Mass spectrometry-based candidate reference measurement procedure for quantification of amyloid-beta in cerebrospinal fluid. Clin Chem. 60 (7), 987-994 (2014).
- Li, W., Cohen, L. H. Quantitation of endogenous analytes in biofluid without a true blank matrix. Anal Chem. 75 (21), 5854-5859 (2003).
- Perret-Liaudet, A., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid collection tubes: a critical issue for Alzheimer disease diagnosis. Clin Chem. 58 (4), 787-789 (2012).
- Lewczuk, P., et al. Effect of sample collection tubes on cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of tau proteins and amyloid beta peptides. Clin Chem. 52 (2), 332-334 (2006).
- Pannee, J., et al. Reference measurement procedure for CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 and the CSF Aβ1-42 /Aβ1-40 ratio – a cross-validation study against amyloid PET. J Neurochem. 139 (4), 651-658 (2016).
- Thienpont, L. M., Van Houcke, S. K. Traceability to a common standard for protein measurements by immunoassay for in-vitro diagnostic purposes. Clin Chim Acta. 411 (23-24), 2058-2061 (2010).
- Vesper, H. W., Thienpont, L. M. Traceability in laboratory medicine. Clin Chem. 55 (6), 1067-1075 (2009).
