Chapter 17
Sound
![Sound Waves](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12785.jpg)
Sound waves can be thought of as fluctuations in the pressure of a medium through which they propagate. Since the pressure also makes the…
![Sound as Pressure Waves](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14724.jpg)
Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal…
![Speed of Sound in Solids and Liquids](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12787.jpg)
Most solids and liquids are incompressible—their densities remain constant throughout. In the presence of an external force, the molecules tend…
![Speed of Sound in Gases](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12788.jpg)
The speed of sound in a gaseous medium depends on various factors. Since gases constitute molecules that are free to move, they are highly…
![Sound Intensity](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12789.jpg)
The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium…
![Sound Intensity Level](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12790.jpg)
Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of…
![Sound Waves: Interference](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12791.jpg)
Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure…
![Interference: Path Lengths](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14727.jpg)
Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the…
![Beats](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/14728.jpg)
The study of music provides many examples of the superposition of waves and the constructive and destructive interference that occurs. Very few…
![Doppler Effect - I](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/12793.jpg)
The Doppler effect and Doppler shift were named after the Austrian physicist and mathematician Christian Johann Doppler in 1842, who conducted…
![Ultrasound Velocity Measurement in a Liquid Metal Electrode](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/52622_t.png)
A growing number of electrochemical technologies depend on fluid flow, and often that fluid is opaque. Measuring the flow of an opaque fluid is…
![Multiplexing Focused Ultrasound Stimulation with Fluorescence Microscopy](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/58781_t.png)
By focusing low-intensity ultrasound pulses that penetrate soft tissues, LIPUS represents a promising biomedical technology to remotely and safely…