Summary

耳针作为慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并睡眠障碍的中医疗法

Published: August 18, 2023
doi:

Summary

该协议引入了一种有效的方法,通过使用耳针技术经皮刺激患者耳朵中的特定穴位来改善慢性阻塞性肺病患者的睡眠状况并缓解咳嗽症状。

Abstract

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种临床综合征,其特征是持续和不可逆的气流受限和慢性呼吸道症状。它有广泛的并发症,睡眠障碍作为其中的一部分,在严重病例中很常见,尤其是在老年患者中。长期睡眠不足可能导致原病加重,降低患者的生活质量。苯二氮卓类药物主要用于慢性阻塞性肺病合并睡眠障碍的对症治疗。然而,此类药物具有呼吸中枢抑制的副作用,可能会加重缺氧症状。耳针是一种通过刺激耳朵特定穴位来治疗身体和心身功能障碍的特殊方法。本文详细讲解了耳针临床操作的具体方法,包括患者资格评估、使用的医疗器械、穴位、治疗过程、治疗后护理、突发事件应对等。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估量表(CAT)作为该方法的观察指标。迄今为止,临床报道证明,耳针在治疗慢性阻塞性肺病联合睡眠障碍方面具有一定的疗效,其操作简单、不良反应少等优点值得进一步研究和推广,为此类疾病的临床治疗提供参考。

Introduction

慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 是一种异质性肺部疾病,其特征是由于气道异常(支气管炎、毛细支气管炎)和/或肺泡(肺气肿)导致持续性(通常是进行性气流阻塞)导致慢性呼吸道症状(呼吸困难、咳嗽、咳痰、加重)1.其发病率与年龄、性别、遗传等个体因素以及吸烟、空气污染、职业粉尘等环境因素密切相关2.近年来,慢性阻塞性肺病已成为重大的公共卫生挑战,并逐渐成为全球三大死亡原因之一,威胁着人类健康,影响着患者的生活质量。根据 2019 年全球疾病负担调查,全球报告了 2.123 亿例慢性阻塞性肺病流行,导致约 330 万人死亡3.值得注意的是,慢性阻塞性肺病作为2019年全球第三大死因,给患者及其家属以及医疗和社会资源带来了沉重的经济负担4。

慢性阻塞性肺病的临床症状复杂,合并症范围广,睡眠障碍(包括失眠、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征等),主要发生在重症病例中,尤其是老年患者,但往往被低估或忽视。据估计,大约 40% 的 COPD 患者患有睡眠障碍5,并且经常因咳嗽、呼吸困难、粘液产生和夜间血氧饱和度下降等症状而出现夜间觉醒。长期睡眠不足不仅会降低患者的生活质量,还会显著增加慢性阻塞性肺病恶化和呼吸系统相关紧急情况的风险。研究表明,睡眠障碍与慢性阻塞性肺病的进展密切相关,并已成为慢性阻塞性肺病加重和死亡率增加的独立危险因素6。

其原因主要与以下机制有关:
首先,睡眠会给呼吸系统带来生理压力,这种压力在呼吸系统疾病中被放大,导致失代偿7.其次,睡眠质量低下可能导致认知障碍,引发焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪,从而影响COPD患者的自我管理行为8,9。更重要的是,睡眠不足可能会损害免疫功能,导致患者因传染病而恶化的风险显着增加10,11

目前,夜间氧疗、持续气道正压通气(CPAP)和苯二氮卓类药物等对症治疗措施主要用于COPD并发睡眠障碍12,13。夜间氧疗和CPAP可有效提高血氧水平14。然而,危重病人通常需要在专业睡眠中心接受治疗,巨大的开销会增加病人的负担。苯二氮卓类药物具有中枢呼吸抑制的副作用,可能会加重COPD患者的缺氧,甚至增加呼吸衰竭的风险15,16。因此,提高治疗效果,降低治疗的副作用和成本,寻找改善COPD合并睡眠障碍患者睡眠质量的有效措施仍然是当前研究的重要课题。

针灸作为中医的重要组成部分,其有效性在其悠久的历史中已经过检验,但仍需要在世界范围内得到彻底的认可17.现有的针灸治疗仍然以电针或传统针灸为主。然而,由于慢性阻塞性肺病合并睡眠障碍是一种需要长期稳定治疗的慢性疾病,这两种针灸刺激方法的局限性,包括针头断针和针头弯曲等意外事件的风险18,固定治疗,固定治疗时间固定,针头保留期间其他医疗操作的不便等, 这使得患者难以坚持长期针灸治疗,导致疗效不稳定19,20

耳针作为一种特殊类型的针灸,是一种刺激耳朵特定穴位以诊断和治疗身体和心身疾病的治疗方法21。这种治疗可细分为针灸疗法、石膏疗法、针头嵌入疗法、耳部按摩疗法、电针疗法等,其中耳针嵌入疗法和耳廓石膏疗法在临床实践中最为常用。按针(如图1所示)是一种改进的皮内针灸方法。它有一个短的主体和一个埋在一块医用胶带中的圆形手柄。具有效果长、安全性高等优点,近年来被广泛用于治疗慢性疼痛、失眠、瘫痪等疾病22,23,24,25。截至目前,随着越来越多的临床报告证明耳针的疗效,它正逐渐成为一种重要的非药物替代疗法26,27

本文详细讲解了耳针治疗慢性阻塞性肺病合并睡眠障碍的具体方法,包括患者资格评估、使用的医疗器械、穴位、疗程、治疗后护理、不良反应、应急措施等。匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估量表(CAT)作为该方法的主要结局指标。

该措施的有效性可以通过比较患者治疗前后的 PSQI 和 CAT 评分来得出结论。耳针治疗操作简单、不良反应少、价格低廉等优点值得进一步研究推广,为临床治疗提供参考。

Protocol

这是一项前后自我对照试验,患者来自成都中医药大学附属医院呼吸内科。该方案已获得成都中医药大学附属医院伦理委员会批准(备案号。KY2022007)。患者被告知研究的目的和过程,并同意在实验期间使用图像和视频。 1. 治疗前评估 纳入标准:包括满足以下条件的患者:年龄在 50 至 75 岁之间;有意识、精神正常并了解研究;不参与其他临床研究;符合基?…

Representative Results

上述方案描述了一项前后对照试验,以研究耳针在改善 COPD 合并睡眠障碍患者的生活和睡眠质量方面的疗效。在这项研究中,共有 8 名符合标准的患者参与并完成了试验,在此过程中均未出院或排除。PSQI和CAT量表作为本试验的主要评价指标,数据来源于患者治疗前后完成的量表评分。对于数据分析,使用配对 t 检验进行前后自控比较, p< 0.05 将被视为表示统计学意义。 <p class="jove_content…

Discussion

耳针作为一种古老的中国传统治疗方式,在其漫长的发展历史中得到了检验,近年来各种研究的结果进一步证明了耳针在改善失眠患者睡眠质量、缓解症状和改善慢性阻塞性肺病患者肺功能方面的独立功效。该方法的功效主要取决于所选择的穴位。任润元23岁,Andreia Vieira35岁等人的研究证实了耳针疗法在治疗睡眠障碍和优化睡眠结构方面的积极作用。至于耳针?…

Declarações

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

本研究得到了四川省中医药管理局中医药科学研究专题(2021MS093,2021MS539,2023MS608)和四川省科技厅四川科技计划(2022YF0392)的支持。

Materials

Cotton swab Qingdao Hainuo Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. 20182640215
Iodophor cotton balls Qingdao Hainuo Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. 20172140782
Press needle Suzhou Acupuncture & Moxibustion APPLIANCE Co., Ltd. 20162200591
Surgical skin marker Dongguan Tondaus Meditech Co., Ltd. 20202021011
Tweezers Yangzhou Guilong Medical Devices Co., Ltd. 20182010440

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Xia, Y., Wang, T., Ma, Z., Ying, R., Shao, S., Zeng, J., Zhang, C. Auricular Acupuncture as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Combined with Sleep Disorders. J. Vis. Exp. (198), e65297, doi:10.3791/65297 (2023).

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