Chapter 6
Cell Signaling
![What is Cell Signaling?](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10985.jpg)
Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes.…
![Bacterial Signaling](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10713.jpg)
Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a…
![Contact-dependent Signaling](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10715.jpg)
Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either…
![Autocrine Signaling](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10973.jpg)
Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In…
![Synaptic Signaling](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10717.jpg)
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be…
![G-protein Coupled Receptors](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10718.jpg)
G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that…
![Endocrine Signaling](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10719.jpg)
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the…
![What are Second Messengers?](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/media/science-education/science-education-thumbs/10720.jpg)
Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second…
![Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/56075_t.png)
Pharmacological regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) responses holds great promise in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases. However, there…
![Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation](https://cloudfront.jove.com/files/thumbs/50076_t.png)
Protection against infectious diseases is mediated by the immune system 1,2. T lymphocytes are the master coordinators of the immune system,…