気道上皮細胞上でのアポトーシス促進効果のリンパ球微粒子および検出の生成
Summary
細胞膜小屋微粒子（MPS）を単離し、それらの病態生理学的効果は、様々なモデルで研究することができるアクティブな生物学的な小胞である。ここでは、Tリンパ球（のLMP）由来のMPを生成する気道上皮細胞に対するアポトーシス促進効果を実証するための方法を記載する。
Abstract
細胞間コミュニケーションにおける細胞膜由来の小胞の生物学的役割への関心が近年増加している。微粒子（MPは）は0.1μm〜1μmの直径の範囲の、小胞のような一種類であり、そして典型的に活性化またはアポトーシスを起こして、真核細胞の細胞膜から脱落。ここでは、D.のLMPアクチノマイシンで刺激しアポトーシスCEM T細胞からTリンパ球由来の微粒子（のLMP）の生成が多段階分画遠心法によって単離し、フローサイトメトリーを使用して特徴づけられる記述する。このプロトコルはまた、マウス初代呼吸気管支組織外植片から派生気管支上皮細胞上のLMPのアポトーシス促進効果を実証するための、その場で細胞死検出法を提案する。本明細書に記載の方法は、in vitroでのアポトーシスリンパ球からのLMPの豊富な量を単離するための再現可能な手順を提供する。のLMPは、導出このように様々な疾患モデルの特性を評価するために使用され、薬理学および毒性試験のためにすることができる。気道上皮は、外部環境と下層組織との間に保護物理的および機能的なバリアを提供することを考慮すると、気管支組織外植片ではなく、不死化上皮細胞系の使用は、気道管組織を必要とする研究のための有効なモデルを提供する。
Introduction
Microparticles (MPs) are biologically active submicron membrane vesicles released following cell activation or apoptosis. MPs are derived from both healthy and damaged cells and are implicated in many physiological and pathological processes.1 MPs have been detected not only in human plasma, but also in inflammatory and apoptotic tissue. The biological utility of cell membrane–derived MPs has been demonstrated in various settings, including cell signalling models and as pharmacological tools.2,3 We previously demonstrated that LMPs derived from T lymphocytes following actinomycin D stimulation (to induce apoptosis) suppress angiogenesis and inhibit endothelial cell survival and proliferation.4,5 The antiangiogenic effects of LMPs may vary significantly depending on the stimuli used to activate T lymphocytes in vitro.6
The airway epithelium functions as a protective physical and functional barrier. Increased numbers of T lymphocytes in the airway can contribute to cell damage and airway inflammation.7 We have shown that LMPs induce apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cells,8 which indicated LMPs may change barrier function of bronchial epithelium in vivo. Apoptotic cells can be identified using the TUNEL method, which detects in situ DNA fragmentation.
The overall goal of this protocol is to illustrate the in vitro production of LMPs from a T lymphocyte cell line, and to demonstrate their proapoptotic effect on airway epithelial cells. In situ cell death detection demonstrated that LMPs strongly induce airway bronchial epithelial cell death, suggesting that LMPs-mediated injury to the airway epithelium may impact barrier function of the damaged epithelium.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
MPは、細胞間のクロストークのアクティブなメディエーターであり、それらの研究は、科学の多くの分野において有望である。11本研究は、アポトーシスT細胞株由来のLMP のインビトロでの大規模生成のための詳細なプロトコルを提示した。これらのMPは、リンパ球分子の大きなレパートリーを発現し、生物学的細胞および組織の恒常性の調節に関与している。しかし、異なる?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
ビジョン保健研究ネットワーク – この作品は、ヘルスリサーチ（178918）、フォン·ド·RECHERCHEエンサンテケベックのカナダの研究所からの助成金によってサポートされています。
Materials
| LMPs production and characterization | |||
| CEM T cells | ATCC | CCL-119 | |
| X-VIVO 15 medium | Cambrex, Walkersville | 04-744Q | |
| Flask T75 | Sarstedt | 83.1813.502 | |
| Flask T175 | Sarstedt | 83.1812.502 | |
| Actinomycin D | Sigma Chemical Co. | A9415-2mg | |
| PBS | Lifetechnologies | 14190-144 | |
| 0.22µm filter | Sarstedt | 83.1826.001 | |
| Annexin-VCy5 | BD Pharmagen | 559933 | |
| FACS flow solution | BD Bio-sciences | 342003 | |
| Fluorescent microbeads (1 um) | Molecular Probes | T8880 | |
| Polysterene counting beads (7 um) | Bangs laboratories | PS06N/6994 | |
| Polypropylene FACS tubes | Falcon | 352058 | |
| 1 ml pipet | Fisher | 13-678-11B | |
| 5 ml pipet | Falcon | 357543 | |
| 25 ml pipet | Ultident | DL-357551 | |
| 1,5 ml conical polypropylene micro tube | Sarstedt | 72.690 | |
| 15 ml conical polypropylene tube | Sarstedt | 62.554.205 | |
| 50 ml conical polypropylene tube | Sarstedt | 62.547.205 | |
| 50 ml high speed polypropylene copolymer tube | Nalgene | 3119-0050 | |
| 250 ml high speed polypropylene bottle | Beckman | 356011 | |
| Protein assay (Bradford assay) | Bio-Rad Laboratories | 500-0006 | |
| Protein assay standard II | Bio-Rad Laboratories | 500-0007 | |
| Test tube 16×100 | VWR | 47729-576 | |
| Test tube 12×75 | Ultident | 170-14100005B | |
| Cell incubator | Mandel | Heracell 150 | |
| Low speed centrifuge | IEC | Centra8R | |
| High speed centrifuge | Beckman | Avanti J8 | |
| High speed rotor for 250ml bottle | Beckman | JLA16.250 | |
| High speed rotor for 50ml tube | Beckman | JA30.50 | |
| Fow cytometry | BD Bio-sciences | FACS Calibur | |
| Spectrophotometer | Beckman | Series 600 | |
| Bronchial tissue explants and sections | |||
| C57BL/6 mice (5-7 weeks old) | Charles River Laboratories, Inc. | ||
| Mouse Airway PrimaCell™ System: | CHI Scientific, Inc. | 2-82001 | |
| Rib-Back Carbon Steel Scalpel Blades | Becton Dickinson AcuteCare | 371310 | #10 |
| Scalpel Handle | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 10003-12 | #7 |
| phase-contrast inverted microscope | Olympus Optical CO., LTD. | CK2 | |
| high O2 gas mixture | VitalAire Canada Inc. | ||
| modular incubator chamber | Billups-Rothenberg Inc. | MIC-101 | |
| MaxQ 4000 incubated orbital shaker | Barnstead Lab-Line, | SHKA4000-7 | |
| 12-well tissue culture plate | Becton Dickinson and Company | 353043 | |
| Plastic tissue culture dishes (100 mm) | Sarstedt, Inc. | 83.1802 | |
| Surgical scissors | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 14060-09 | Straight, sharp, 9cm longth |
| Half-curved Graefe forceps | Fine Science Tools Inc. | 11052-10 | |
| humidified CO2 incubator | Mandel Scientific Company Inc. | SVH-51023421 | |
| Histopathological examination | |||
| formalin formaldehyde | Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. | HT5011 | |
| paraffin | Fisher scientific International, Inc. | T555 | |
| ethyl alcohol | Merck KGaA, Darmstadt | EX0278-1 | |
| glutaraldehyde | Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. | G6403 | |
| Cacodylate | Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. | 31533 | |
| microscope slides | VWR Scientific Inc. | 48300-025 | 25x75mm |
| Xylene | Fisher scientific International, Inc. | X5-4 | |
| Mayer's hematoxylin | Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. | MHS16 | Funnel with filter paper |
| HCl | Fisher scientific International, Inc. | A144s-500 | |
| eosin | Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. | HT110116 | Funnel with filter paper |
| Permount™ Mounting Medium | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. | SP15-100 | |
| glass coverslip | surgipath medical industries, Inc. | 84503 | 24×24 #1 |
| TUNEL detection kit | In Situ Cell Death Detection, POD | 11 684 817 910 | |
| oven | Despatch Industries Inc. | LEB-1-20 | |
| rotary Microtome | Leica Microsystems Inc. | RM2145 | |
| filter paper | Whatman International Ltd. | 1003150 | #3 |
| Microscope | Nikon Imaging Japan Inc. | E800 | |
| staining dish complete | Wheaton Industries, Inc. | 900200 | including dish, rack, cover |
| 1.5 ml eppendorf tube | Sarstedt Inc. | 72.69 | 39x10mm |
| Orbital and Reciprocating Water Bath | ExpotechUSA | ORS200 | |
| phosphate buffered saline | GIBCO | 14190-144 | |
| fume hood | Nicram RD Service | 3707E |
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