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Neuroscience

CLARITY를 사용하여 마우스 척수에서 세로토닌 섬유 이미징 / CUBIC 기술

Published: February 26, 2016
doi:
10.3791/53673
, ,
1Brain Structure and Function Group,Neuroscience Research Australia, 2School of Medical Sciences,The University of New South Wales

Summary

Supraspinal projections are important for pain perception and other behaviors, and serotonergic fibers are one of these fiber systems. The present study focused on the application of the combined CLARITY/CUBIC protocol to the mouse spinal cord in order to investigate the termination of these serotonergic fibers.

Abstract

척수 긴 하강 섬유 운동 통증 지각, 및 다른 동작을 위해 필수적이다. 이러한 섬유 시스템의 대부분의 척수 광섬유 종단 패턴 철저 종 조사되지 않았다. 척수 돌출 세로토닌 섬유, 조직 학적 섹션에 쥐 주머니쥐 연구되었으며 기능적 의미는 척수에서의 광섬유 종단 패턴에 기초하여 도출되었다. 명확성과 CUBIC 기술 개발과 함께,이 광 시스템 및 세로토닌 척 주상 경로의 알려지지 않은 특징을 밝힐 가능성 척수에서의 분포를 조사하는 것이 가능하다. 여기서는 결합 선명도 CUBIC 기술을 사용하여 마우스 척수 세로토닌 섬유 영상화 상세한 프로토콜을 제공한다. 방법은 COMBIN와 조직 겔 용액 설명과 마우스의 관류를 포함시약을 삭제의 ATION. 척수 조직 바로 아래 2 주 클리어하고, 세로토닌에 대한 후속 면역 염색 미만 십일 년에 완성되었다. 다중 광자 형광 현미경으로 조직을 검사하고, 3D 이미지 Osirix 소프트웨어를 사용하여 재구성 하였다.

Introduction

Supraspinal projections are responsible for the modulation of diverse behaviors such as pain perception. One of the projections carrying nociceptive information contains serotoninergic fibers, which originate from the hindbrain raphe and adjacent reticular nuclei1,2. Physiological and pharmacological studies have demonstrated an increased release of serotonin in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord after electrical stimulation of the raphe nuclei in the hindbrain3-5. In the rat and opossum, serotonergic raphespinal fibers have dense terminals, not only in the dorsal horn6-8, but also in the intermediate zone7,9,10, the ventral horn7,11, and even lamina 1012,13. There are no similar studies in the mouse. The present study aimed to map the termination pattern of serotonergic fibers arising from the hindbrain raphe nuclei and their adjacent reticular nuclei in the mouse spinal cord using the recently published CLARITY14 method and its modification – CUBIC15.

Conventional fluorescence or peroxidase immunohistochemistry of the spinal cord clearly shows the distribution of serotonergic fibers in the gray matter of the spinal cord in 30-40 µm thick cross-sections. However, this approach does not show the continuity of the serotonergic fiber tracts in the white matter and their collaterals in the gray matter. Although the 3D reconstruction of histological sections has advanced our knowledge of fiber tracts, it remains a challenge for histologists and anatomists to follow a single tract due to small distortions in the tissue caused by cutting. To circumvent this obstacle a number of researchers have developed various protocols for making the whole tissue structure transparent, and collecting an image of unaltered tissue in a single video file17-21. So far, the clear, lipid-exchanged, acrylamide-hybridized rigid, imaging/ immunostaining compatible, tissue hydrogel (CLARITY) technique, developed by Deisseroth’s group14,15, as well as CUBIC, developed by Susaki et al16 are the most successful. Since the publication of the protocols, many researchers have started using these techniques to investigate various aspects of biological tissues, including, not only the brain22-25, but also the heart, kidneys, intestine, and the lungs26,27.

By fixing the mouse spinal cord with the hydrogel solution (CLARITY) and clearing with the CUBIC reagents (which is a much faster method than that described by the original CLARITY protocol14,15), a spinal cord tissue block of 2-3 mm long was cleared within two weeks and immunofluorescence staining for serotonin completed in eight days. With just a combination of chemical agents, conventional immunohistochemistry can be used to create an image of individual fiber tracts in a 3D video file in approximately one month.

Protocol

윤리 문 : 동물 과목을 포함하는 모든 절차 (승인 ACEC 번호 14 / 94A입니다) 뉴 사우스 웨일즈 대학의 동물 관리 및 윤리위원회 (ACEC)의 지침을 따르십시오. 투명 마우스 척수 1. 준비 아이스 콜드 하이드로 겔 용액의 조제 16 % 파라 포름 알데히드 용액의 조제 (PFA) 70 ml의 미리 예열 증류수 (50-55 °에 C)에 16g 파라 포름 알데히드 분말을 추가하고 파라 포름 알데…

Representative Results

이 섹션은 명확성과 CUBIC 프로토콜의 조합을 사용하여 투명 마우스 척수 세로토닌 항체 염색의 결과를 나타낸다. 우리는 (또한 비디오 (1) 그림 1 참조) 세로토닌 섬유는 복부 뿔의 복부 부분에서 우위와 척수의 모든 라미에 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 제어 조직은 긍정적 인 섬유 (결과가 표시되지 않은)하지 않았다. 복부 호른에서 조밀 세로토닌 ?…

Discussion

이 프로토콜은 결합 된 선명도와 CUBIC 기술로 마우스 척수의 이미지 세로토닌 섬유하는 방법을 보여줍니다 설명했다. 이 청 등. 14 토 메르 외. (15)에 의해 개발 된 수동적 지우기 프로토콜에 비해 빨리 소거 과정을 소개하고 척수 조직이 아니라 클리어시 하이드로 겔에 의해 지원 될 수있다.

청 등. (14)와 토 메르 등. (15)?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function (ARC Centre Grant CE140100007), an NHMRC project grant (#1086643). Prof. George Paxinos is supported by a Senior Principal Research Fellow NHMRC grant (#1043626).

Materials

Photoinitiator VA044 Wako va-044/225-02111 http://www.wako-chem.co.jp/specialty/waterazo/VA-044.htm
40% acrylamide solution Bio Rad 161-0140 http://www.bio-rad.com/en-au/sku/161-0140-40-acrylamide-solution
2% Bis Solution Bio Rad 161-0142 http://www.bio-rad.com/en-au/sku/161-0142-2-bis-solution?parentCategoryGUID=5e7a4f31-879c-4d63-ba0b-82556a0ccf1d
paraformaldehyde Sigma 158127 http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/158127?lang=en&region=AU
urea Merck Millipore 66612 http://www.merckmillipore.com/AU/en/product/Urea—CAS-57-13-6—Calbiochem,EMD_BIO-66612
N,N,N’,N’-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine Merck Millipore 821940 http://www.merckmillipore.com/AU/en/product/Ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetra-2-propanol,MDA_CHEM-821940
Triton-X 100 Merck Millipore 648462 http://www.merckmillipore.com/AU/en/product/TRITON®-X-100-Detergent—CAS-9002-93-1—Calbiochem,EMD_BIO-648462
sucrose Sigma S0389 http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/s0389?lang=en&region=AU
2,2’,2’’- nitrilotriethanol Merck Millipore 137002 http://www.merckmillipore.com/AU/en/product/Triethanolamine-(Trolamine),MDA_CHEM-137022
serotonin antibody Merck Millipore AB938 http://www.merckmillipore.com/AU/en/product/Anti-Serotonin-Antibody,MM_NF-AB938
goat anti rabbit IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor® 594 conjugate Life Technologies  A-11012 https://www.lifetechnologies.com/order/genome-database/antibody/Rabbit-IgG-H-L-Secondary-Antibody-Polyclonal/A-11012
multi-photon microscope Leica Leica TCS SP5 MP STED http://www.leica-microsystems.com/products/confocal-microscopes/details/product/leica-tcs-sp5-mp/
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References

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Tags

CLARITY/CUBIC TechniqueSerotonergic FibersMouse Spinal CordNeuroanatomyTraditional Histology3D FeaturesIn Situ ObservationVectorsCentral Nervous SystemCardiovascular SystemTracing MethodPlastic Dissection StageFume HoodAnesthetized MouseChest OpeningHeart ExposurePeristaltic Pump TubingSaline WashBlood Perfusion
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Liang, H., Schofield, E., Paxinos, G. Imaging Serotonergic Fibers in the Mouse Spinal Cord Using the CLARITY/CUBIC Technique. J. Vis. Exp. (108), e53673, doi:10.3791/53673 (2016).
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