Summary

Un saggio ex vivo per studiare Candida albicans Morphogenesi ifale nel tratto gastrointestinale

Published: July 01, 2020
doi:

Summary

Il saggio ex vivo descritto in questo studio utilizzando estratti di omogenato intestinale e colorazione ad immunofluorescenza rappresenta un nuovo metodo per esaminare la morfogenesi iftale degli albicani Candida nel tratto GASTROINTESTINALe. Questo metodo può essere utilizzato per indagare i segnali ambientali che regolano la transizione morfogenetica nell’intestino.

Abstract

La morfogenesi ifobica candida albicans nel tratto gastrointestinale (IG) è strettamente controllata da vari segnali ambientali e svolge un ruolo importante nella diffusione e nella patogenesi di questo patogeno fungino opportunistico. Tuttavia, i metodi per visualizzare l’ife fungina nel tratto GASTROINTESTINAL in vivo sono impegnativi che limita la comprensione dei segnali ambientali nel controllo di questo processo di morfogenesi. Il protocollo qui descritto dimostra un nuovo metodo ex vivo per la visualizzazione della morfogenesi ifale negli estratti di omogenato intestinale. Utilizzando un saggio ex vivo, questo studio dimostra che il contenuto di cecal da topi trattati con antibiotici, ma non da topi di controllo non trattati, promuove la morfogenesi ifale C. albicans nel contenuto intestinale. Inoltre, l’aggiunta di gruppi specifici di metaboliti intestinali al contenuto di cecal da topi trattati con antibiotici regola in modo differenziato la morfogenesi ifogenesi ex vivo. Nel complesso, questo protocollo rappresenta un nuovo metodo per identificare e indagare i segnali ambientali che controllano la morfogenesi ifale di C. albicans nel tratto GASTROINTESTINALe.

Introduction

Candida albicans è un patogeno fungino opportunistico e polimorfico che normalmente è commensale, ma può subire un cambiamento morfologico in una forma virulento in grado di causare infezioni potenzialmente letali in individui immunocompromati1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13. C. albicans è una delle principali cause di infezioni nosocomiali sistemiche, con un tasso di mortalità del 40\u201260% anche con trattamento antimicotico2,14,15. Sebbene C. albicans risieda in diverse nicchie ospiti tra cui il sistema riproduttivofemminile 16,17, la cavità orale di individuisani 18 e il tratto gastrointestinale (GI)19,20, la maggior parte delle infezioni sistemiche provengono dal tratto GASTROINTESTINALe e inoltre, la fonte dell’infezione sistemica è spesso confermata come il trattoGASTROINTESTINAL 21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34. C. la patogenicità degli albicani nel tratto gastrointestinale è influenzata da un’ampia gamma di fattori; tuttavia, una delle principali caratteristiche necessarie per la virulenza è il passaggio da una morfologia cellulare di lievito a una morfologia virulento delle cellule ifali35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44. C. l’attaccamento e la diffusione degli albicani dal tratto gastrointestinale durante l’infezione è altamente associato alla sua capacità di passare da un lievito commensale in ife virulenti, consentendo ai funghi di causare malattie invasive44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53.

Una varietà di fattori nell’intestino, tra cui n-acetilglucosamina, regolano la formazione ifale di C. albicans. Pertanto, è fondamentale ridurre il divario di conoscenza per quanto riguarda la morfogenesi ifale di questo agente patogeno fungino nel trattoGASTROINTESTINAL 54,55,56. Recenti prove indicano che vari metaboliti intestinali controllano in modo differenziato la morfogenesi ifale di C. albicans in vitro57,58,59,60. Tuttavia, i vincoli tecnici presentano problemi quando si tenta di studiare la formazione di ife di C. albicans in campioni intestinali in vivo, in particolare la colorazione di lieviti e cellule ife e l’analisi quantitativa dello sviluppo ifale. Per comprendere la morfogenesi ifobia di C. albicans nel tratto GASTROINTESTINAL, è stato sviluppato un metodo ex vivo utilizzando estratti solubili di contenuto intestinale omogeneizzato dai topi per studiare l’effetto dei metaboliti sulla morfogenesi ifossica fungina. Utilizzando campioni intestinali di topi resistenti e suscettibili all’infezione da GI C. albicans, questo metodo aiuterà a identificare e studiare l’effetto di metaboliti, antibiotici e xenobiotici sulla morfogenesi ifossica fungina nel tratto GASTROINTESTINALe.

Protocol

Tutti i protocolli sugli animali sono stati approvati dal Midwestern University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) come descritto primadel 57. Il Comitato istituzionale per la cura e l’uso degli animali della Midwest University ha approvato questo studio nell’ambito del protocollo MWU IACUC #2894. Le politiche di assistenza agli animali del MWU seguono la politica del Servizio sanitario pubblico (PHS) sulla cura e l’uso umano degli animali da laboratorio e le politiche stabilite n…

Representative Results

Questi risultati, insieme ai precedenti risultati del laboratorio Thangamani60, indicano che quando C. albicans viene coltivato ex vivo in estratti di omogenato intestinale prelevati dallo stomaco, dall’intestino tenue e dall’intestino crasso di controllo non trattato e topi trattati con antibiotici, C. albicans si sviluppa generalmente con una morfologia del lievito(figura 1B). Tuttavia, se coltivato nell’estratto cecale di topi trattati con antibio…

Discussion

Il metodo qui descritto presenta un nuovo modo per indagare l’effetto degli impatti antibiotici, dietetici, xenobiotici e terapeutici sulla morfogenesi ifale di C. albicans nel tratto GASTROINTESTINALe. Poiché la maggior parte delle infezioni sistemiche proviene dal trattogastrointestinale 21,22,23,24,25,26,</s…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Gli autori riconoscono le risorse e il supporto della midwest University Cellular and Molecular Core Research facility.

Materials

1 – 10 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-454 Misc
100 – 1000 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-400 Misc
20 – 200 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-451 Misc
2-methylbutyric acid Sigma 193070-25G hyphal-inhibitory compound
488 goat anti-rabbit IgG Invitrogen (Fisher) A11008 IF Staining secondary ab
Agar Fisher BP1423-500 YPD agar component
Automated Imaging Microscope Keyence BZX700
Candida Albicans Antibody Invitrogen (Fisher) PA1-27158 IF Staining primary ab
cefoperazone Cayman 16113 antibiotic
deoxycholic acid Sigma 30960 hyphal-inhibitory compound
D-Glucose Fisher D16-500 hyphal-promoting compound
forceps Fisher 08-885
lactic acid Alfa Aesar AAAL13242-06 hyphal-inhibitory compound
lithocholic acid Sigma L6250-10G hyphal-inhibitory compound
palmitic acid Sigma P5585-10G hyphal-inhibitory compound
Paraformaldehyde Alfa Aesar A11313 IF Staining fixative
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 10x Alfa Aesar J62692 PBS component
p-tolylacetic acid SCBT sc-257959 hyphal-inhibitory compound
sebacic acid Sigma 283258-250G hyphal-inhibitory compound
sharp ended scissors Fisher 28301
sterile Milli-Q water N/A N/A Misc
YPD Broth BD Biosciences 242810 YPD agar component

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Monasky, R., Villa, S., Thangamani, S. An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract. J. Vis. Exp. (161), e61488, doi:10.3791/61488 (2020).

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