Summary

Farging av Cytoplasmic Ca2+ med Fluo-4/AM i Apple Pulp

Published: November 06, 2021
doi:

Summary

Isolerte protoplaster av eplemasseceller ble lastet med et kalsiumfluorescerende reagens for å oppdage cytoplasmatisk Ca2 + konsentrasjon.

Abstract

Cytosolic Ca2+ spiller en nøkkelrolle i planteutvikling. Kalsiumavbildning er den mest allsidige metoden for å oppdage dynamiske endringer i Ca2+ i cytoplasma. I denne studien fikk vi levedyktige protoplaster av masseceller ved enzymatisk hydrolyse. Isolerte protoplaster ble inkubert med det lille molekylet fluorescerende reagens (Fluo-4/AM) i 30 min ved 37 °C. De fluorescerende sondene farget vellykket cytosolic Ca2 +, men akkumulerte ikke i vakuoler. La3+, en Ca2+ kanalblokker, redusert cytoplasmatisk fluorescensintensitet. Disse resultatene tyder på at Fluo-4/AM kan brukes til å oppdage endringer i cytosolisk Ca2+ i fruktkjøttet. Oppsummert presenterer vi en metode for effektivt å isolere protoplaster fra kjøttceller av frukten og oppdage Ca2 + ved å laste inn et lite molekyl kalsiumfluorescerende reagens i cytoplasma av masseceller.

Introduction

Ca2+ spiller en viktig rolle i plantesignaltransduksjon og metabolisme1,2. Videre regulerer det fruktkvalitetsegenskaper3,4, inkludert hardhet, sukkerinnhold og følsomhet for fysiologiske lidelser under lagring5,6. Cytoplasmic Ca2 + spiller en viktig rolle i signaltransduksjon og regulerer plantevekst og utvikling7. Forstyrrelse av cellulær kalsium homeostase kan indusere bitter grop i epler8, brun flekk sykdom i pærer9, og navlestreng rot i tomater10, påvirker fruktkvaliteten og forårsaker alvorlige økonomiske tap3,11. Kalsiumavbildning har tilstrekkelig romlig og tidsmessig oppløsning og er en viktig metode for å observere Ca2 + dynamikk i levende celler12,13.

For tiden er det to hovedmetoder for intracellulær kalsiumavbildning i levende celler: den ene bruker kjemiske småmolekylære fluorescerende sonder14, og den andre er genkodingssensoren (GECI)15,16. Gitt vanskeligheten med å etablere et stabilt transgent system i frukttrær og lengre fruktutvikling, er GECIS uegnet for frukt Ca2 + fluorescensavbildning.

Småmolekyl fluorescerende sonder som Fluo-4 / AM har en spesiell fordel: deres AM-esterform (cellegjennomtrengelig acetoksymetylsterderivat) kan lett bulkbelastes i levende celler uten behov for transfeksjon, noe som gjør det fleksibelt, raskt og ikke-cytotoksisk17. Fluo-4 / AM kunne med hell lastes inn i pollenrøret i Pyrus pyrifolia18 og Petunia,19 samt inn i vaktceller20 og rothår av Arabidopsis21.

For tiden er det få rapporter om kalsiumfluorescensfarging av masseceller22. Som et viktig mineralelement spiller kalsium en nøkkelrolle i veksten og kvalitetskontroll av trefrukter som epler. Epletrær er globalt anerkjent som en viktig økonomisk art, og epler regnes som en sunn mat23. I denne studien fikk vi levedyktige protoplaster fra eplefruktmasse gjennom enzymatisk hydrolyse og lastet deretter småmolekylet fluorescerende reagenser inn i cytoplasma for å oppdage Ca2+.

Protocol

1. Protoplast ekstraksjon Forbered den grunnleggende løsningen: 20 mM CaCl2,5 mM 2-(N-morpholino)etanesulfonsyre og 0,4 M D-sorbitol.MERK: pH i grunnløsningen ble justert til 5,8 med 0,1 M Tris buffer, filtrert gjennom 0,22 μm vannløselige filtre og lagret ved 4 °C. Forbered den enzymatiske løsningen: Bland 0,3% (w / v) Macerozyme R-10 og 0,5% (w / v) cellulase R-10 med den grunnleggende løsningen. Tilsett 0,5 ml enzymatisk oppløsning i et 1,5 ml sentr…

Representative Results

Etter protokollen beskrevet ovenfor brukte vi den enzymatiske metoden for å oppnå levedyktige protoplaster fra massen (figur 1). Noen protoplaster hadde vakuoler, mens andre ikke gjorde det. Mens protoplastene ikke viste fluorescens da Ca2 + fluorescerende indikator ikke ble lastet inn i dem. Da Fluo-4/AM ble lastet inn i protoplastene, ble cytoplasma, men ikke vakuolen, fluorescerende (figur 2). Dette resultatet indikerte at Fluo-4 / AM vellykket f…

Discussion

I denne studien ble levedyktige protoplaster oppnådd ved enzymatisk hydrolyse. Vær oppmerksom på at denne metoden krever friske epler. Den nåværende protokollen muliggjør rask isolering av et stort antall protoplaster fra fruktmasse til bruk i forskningsstudier. Anvendelsen av denne metoden er ikke begrenset til ‘Fuji’; protoplastene til eplemassen til ‘Dounan’ og ‘Honey Crisp’ kan også ekstraheres gjennom samme protokoll (Supplerende figur S4). Protoplastløsningen etter enzymolyse inneholder cel…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Dette arbeidet ble støttet av Agricultural Variety Improvement Project of Shandong Province (2019LZGC007) og Fruit tree innovasjonsteam av Shandong moderne landbruksindustriteknologisystem (SDAIT-06-05).

Materials

10× phosphate-buffered saline Solarbio P1022 PBS (phosphate buffered solution) is a phosphate buffer solution, which can provide a relatively stable ionic environment and pH buffering capacity. It is a buffer salt solution often used in biology for molecular cloning and cell culture. The pH is 7.4. 
2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid Solarbio M8010 Biological buffer
CaCl2·2H2O Solarbio C8370 Calcium chloride dihydrate is a white or gray chemical, mostly in granular form.
Cellulase R-10 Yakult Honsha MX7352 Degrade plant cell walls.
D-sorbitol Solarbio S8090 It has good moisturizing properties, prevents drying, and prevents sugar, salt, etc. from crystallizing.
F-127 Thermo Fisher Scientific P6867 Pluronic F-127 is a non-ionic, surfactant polyol (molecular weight of approximately 12500 Daltons), which has been found to be beneficial to promote the dissolution of water-insoluble dyes and other materials in physiological media. 
FDA Thermo Fisher Scientific F1303 FDA is a cell-permeant esterase substrate that can serve as a viability probe that measures both enzymatic activity, which is require to activate its fluorescence, and cell-membrane integrity, which is required for intracellular retention of their fluorescent product. 
Fluo-4/AM Thermo Fisher Scientific F14201 The green fluorescent calcium indicator Fluo-4/AM is an improved version of the calcium indicator Fluo-3/AM. The Fluo-4/AM loads faster and is brighter at the same concentration. It can be well excited with a 488 nm argon ion laser.
Fluorescence microscope Thermo Fisher EVOS Auto 2 Observe the fluorescence image.
Macerozyme R-10 Yakult Honsha MX7351 Degrade plant tissue to separate single cells.
Tris Solarbio T8060 It is widely used in the preparation of buffers in biochemistry and molecular biology experiments.

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Cite This Article
Qiu, L., Huang, D., Wang, Y., Qu, H. Staining the Cytoplasmic Ca2+ with Fluo-4/AM in Apple Pulp. J. Vis. Exp. (177), e62526, doi:10.3791/62526 (2021).

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