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Medicine

针刺过程中的三维手指运动跟踪：针灸操作运动学分析的解决方案

Published: October 28, 2021
doi:
10.3791/62750
, , ,
1School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Summary

该实验方法描述了一种利用三维手指运动跟踪技术进行针灸操作运动学分析的解决方案。

Abstract

三维（3D）运动跟踪已被用于许多领域，例如运动和医疗技能的研究。本实验旨在利用3D运动跟踪技术测量针灸操作（AM）期间手指关节的运动学参数，并建立”振幅，速度和时间”三个技术指标。该方法可以反映AM的操作特性，并沿多个手指关节的三个轴提供定量参数。现有证据表明，该方法具有很大的应用潜力，如针灸剂量效应关系的研究，AM的教学和学习，以及着名针灸师AM的测量和保存。

Introduction

针灸操作（AM）作为中医（TCM）和物理刺激的一种临床技能，通常被视为影响针灸治疗效果的重要因素1，2。许多研究证实，同一AM的不同AM或不同的刺激参数（针刺速度，振幅，频率等）导致不同的治疗效果3，4，5，6，7。因此，AM相关运动参数的测量及与治疗效果的相关性分析可为针灸临床治疗提供有用的数据支持和参考8，9。

AM运动学参数的测量始于20世纪80年代10。早期，基于可变电阻的电信号转换技术主要用于将针体的位移信号转换为电压或电流信号，用于显示和记录AM11的幅度和频率数据。此外，采用该技术的著名ATP-II中医针灸技术测试仪II（ATP-II）目前已被中国许多中医学院大学使用12。之后，随着传感器技术的不断发展和创新，使用不同类型的传感器来收集AM的运动学参数。例如，将三轴电磁运动传感器连接到针柄上以获取针刺幅度和速度13;将生物电信号传感器放置在动物脊髓的背角上，以记录针刺频率14等。虽然基于上述两类技术的AM定量研究已经完成了针刺过程中相关运动学参数的获取，但其主要缺点是无法进行实时非侵入性测量以及针体修改引起的操作感觉变化。

近年来，运动跟踪技术逐渐应用于AM15，16的定量研究中。由于它是基于针刺视频的逐帧分析，因此可以在 体内 操作期间获取针灸参数的测量，而无需修改针体。该技术已用于在二维（2D）平面上针刺时测量拇指和食指四个跟踪点的振幅、速度、加速度、频率等运动学参数，并建立了相应的指杆图15。一些研究还用类似的技术测量了拇指和食指间关节的角度变化范围9，17，18。然而，目前对AM分析的研究仍然主要局限于2D运动平面，跟踪点的数量相对较少。到目前为止，还没有完整的AM三维（3D）运动学测量和分析方法，也没有相关数据发表。

为了解决上述问题，本研究将使用3D运动跟踪技术来测量针刺过程中手部七个跟踪点的运动学参数。该协议旨在为AM的运动学分析以及针灸剂量效应相关性的进一步研究提供完整的技术解决方案。

Protocol

本研究经上海中医药大学附属岳阳医院伦理委员会批准（参考号：2021-062），每位受试者均签署知情同意书。 1. 实验准备 相机设置： 在手术台前放置三个三脚架，并将它们与三个摄像头连接。 将相机的拍摄参数设置如下：分辨率1280 x720像素，格式MP4，全手动模式（M），光圈F1.2，快门1/1000s，ISO 6400，自动白平衡，光学变焦0mm。注：每两?…

Representative Results

建立该实验方法后，利用三维运动跟踪法，对上海中医药大学针灸学院和推拿的19位针灸老师的升降推力和旋转技能进行了测量。根据国际生物力学学会标准化和术语委员会（STC）提出的肩部，肘部，腕部和手关节坐标系（JCS）的定义21，选择了七个手指跟踪点。由运动捕捉和分析软件基于这些点的解剖位置生成的摇杆视图如图 2B所示。 图 4…

Discussion

建立了 AM体内 运动学参数的测量方法，获得了拇指和食指沿三个轴的6个重要跟踪点的运动幅度、速度和操作时间数据。同时，基于3D标定帧，生成了针刺时拇指和食指的3D摇杆视图和相应动画。AM的拇指和食指运动可以随着运动参数曲线和摇杆动画的同步播放而得到充分展示，这可以帮助研究人员探索运动特性，比较不同AM技能的异同。

在整个实验过程中，可以总结一?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

这项工作得到了国家自然科学基金（82174506）的支持。

Materials

3D calibration frame Any brand 15 x 15 x 15 cm
Acupuncture needles Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory 0.35 x 40 mm
Double-sided tape Any brand Round, 1 cm-diameter
Reflective balls Simi Reality Motion Systems GmbH 6.5 mm-diameter
SD card Western Digital Corporation SDXC UHS-I
SD card reader UGREEN Group Limited USB 3.0
Simi Motion Simi Reality Motion Systems GmbH Ver.8.5.15
Swab Any brand The volume fraction of ethanol is 70%-80%
Three cameras Victor Company of Japan, Limited JVC GC-PX100BAC
Three tripods Any brand
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Tags

3D Motion TrackingAcupuncture ManipulationKinematic AnalysisMotion CaptureFinger MotionNeedle ManipulationLifting-thrustingTwirlingReflective Markers3D CalibrationVideo SynchronizationMotion Capture Software
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Xu, L., Wang, F., Yang, H., Tang, W. Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation. J. Vis. Exp. (176), e62750, doi:10.3791/62750 (2021).
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