体细胞重编程的动力学测量和实时可视化
Summary
在本研究中提出的协议描述用于通过使用流式细胞仪分析阳性和阴性的多能干细胞标志物的动力学测定的重编程级数的实时监测的方法。该协议还包括的iPSC产生过程中的形态和标志物或报告表达的基于成像的评估。
Abstract
Somatic reprogramming has enabled the conversion of adult cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from diverse genetic backgrounds and disease phenotypes. Recent advances have identified more efficient and safe methods for introduction of reprogramming factors. However, there are few tools to monitor and track the progression of reprogramming. Current methods for monitoring reprogramming rely on the qualitative inspection of morphology or staining with stem cell-specific dyes and antibodies. Tools to dissect the progression of iPSC generation can help better understand the process under different conditions from diverse cell sources.
This study presents key approaches for kinetic measurement of reprogramming progression using flow cytometry as well as real-time monitoring via imaging. To measure the kinetics of reprogramming, flow analysis was performed at discrete time points using antibodies against positive and negative pluripotent stem cell markers. The combination of real-time visualization and flow analysis enables the quantitative study of reprogramming at different stages and provides a more accurate comparison of different systems and methods. Real-time, image-based analysis was used for the continuous monitoring of fibroblasts as they are reprogrammed in a feeder-free medium system. The kinetics of colony formation was measured based on confluence in the phase contrast or fluorescence channels after staining with live alkaline phosphatase dye or antibodies against SSEA4 or TRA-1-60. The results indicated that measurement of confluence provides semi-quantitative metrics to monitor the progression of reprogramming.
Introduction
源自患者的诱导多能干细胞（iPS细胞）是用于细胞治疗和药物筛选有希望的工具。它们提供了细胞治疗自体来源。此外，它们包括非常广泛的一套遗传背景，使得遗传疾病超出当前的胚胎干细胞（ESC）的线路将允许进行详细的体外分析。最近的进展已经导致几种方法的发展，用于产生iPSCs的，包括与仙台病毒，附加型质粒或mRNA的1,2-重新编程。值得注意的是，不同的重编程方法具有不同的效率和安全性的水平相关，并有可能在影响其是否适宜用于各种用途的其他方法不同。随着各种重编程技术的可用性，它已开发用于评估重编程过程的方法变得很重要。大多数现有的方法依赖于形态和染色质检查用干细胞特异性的染料和抗体。一个最近开发的方法使用的慢病毒荧光记者，是对特定的PSC-miRNA的或分化的细胞特异性的mRNA 3敏感。这种监测方法便于选择和重新编程的技术对不同的情况下的优化。例如，CDy1已经用作早期的iPSC的荧光探针以筛选重新编程调制器4。观察和比较不同的重编程实验的能力也更好地了解这个过程本身的关键。例如，现在已知的是一些体细胞类型更容易比其它5重新编程，并且使细胞重新编程6-8中经过中间状态。不幸的是，重编程过程所依据的机制仍然不完全了解，因此，重编程方法之间的确切的差别也仍然为defined。因此，对于监测方法，评估和比较重编程事件仍然是干细胞领域的关键。
在这个协议中所描述的方法允许监控和重编程过程的评估，并说明这些技术如何可以用来比较不同组的重编程试剂。第一方法涉及流式细胞仪使用针对阳性和阴性的多能干细胞（PSC）标记的抗体的组合进行分析。第二种方式耦合实时成像和总合流（被细胞覆盖的百分比表面积）和标记信号（由荧光信号所覆盖的百分比表面积）的合流的测量。
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
This study provides strategies for monitoring and tracking of the reprogramming process using flow cytometry and real-time imaging-based analysis. The critical steps in the protocol are initiating reprogramming, measuring reprogramming progression based on marker expression and real-time monitoring of reprogramming. Any reprogramming method of choice can be used but here we focus on Sendai based reprogramming of human fibroblasts. The advantage of this method is the ease of use and consistent high efficiency of reprogram…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
作者感谢乍得麦克阿瑟有益的讨论。
Materials
| DMEM, high glucose, GlutaMAXSupplement, pyruvate | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10569-010 | |
| Fetal Bovine Serum, embryonic stem cell-qualified, US origin | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 16141-061 | |
| MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution (100X) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 11140-050 | |
| Trypsin-EDTA (0.05%), phenol red | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 25300-054 | |
| Mouse (ICR) Inactivated Embryonic Fibroblasts | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A24903 | |
| Attachment Factor Protein (1X) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | S-006-100 | |
| DMEM/F-12, GlutaMAX supplement | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10565-018 | |
| KnockOut Serum Replacement | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 10828010 | |
| 2-Mercaptoethanol (55 mM) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 21985-023 | |
| Collagenase, Type IV, powder | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 17104-019 | |
| TrypLE Select Enzyme (1X), no phenol red | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 12563-011 | |
| DPBS, no calcium, no magnesium | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 14190-144 | |
| Geltrex LDEV-Free, hESC-Qualified, Reduced Growth Factor Basement Membrane Matrix | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A1413302 | |
| Essential 8 Medium | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A1517001 | |
| FGF-Basic (AA 1-155) Recombinant Human Protein | Thermo Fisher Scientific | PHG0264 | |
| UltraPure 0.5M EDTA, pH 8.0 | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15575-020 | |
| Bovine Albumin Fraction V (7.5% solution) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15260-037 | |
| HEPES (1 M) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15630-080 | |
| Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 15140-122 | |
| InSolution Y-27632 | EMD Millipore | 688001 | |
| CytoTune-iPS Sendai Reprogramming Kit | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A1378001 | |
| CytoTune-iPS 2.0 Sendai Reprogramming Kit | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A16517 | |
| Countess II Automated Cell Counter | Thermo Fisher Scientific | AMQAX1000 | |
| Countess Cell Counting Chamber Slides | Thermo Fisher Scientific | C10228 | |
| BJ ATCC Human Foreskin Fibroblasts, Neonatal | ATCC | CRL-2522 | |
| DF1 Adult Human Dermal Fibroblast | Thermo Fisher Scientific | N/A | |
| BG01V/hOG Cells Variant hESC hOct4-GFP Reporter Cells | Thermo Fisher Scientific | R7799-105 | |
| IncuCyte ZOOM | Essen BioScience | ||
| SSEA-4 Antibody, Alexa Fluor 647 conjugate (MC813-70) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | SSEA421 | |
| SSEA-4 Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate (eBioMC-813-70 (MC-813-70)) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A14810 | |
| SSEA-4 Antibody (MC813-70) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 41-4000 | |
| TRA-1-60 Antibody (cl.A) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 41-1000 | |
| CD44 Rat Anti-Human/Mouse mAb (clone IM7), PE-Cy5 conjugate | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A27094 | |
| CD44 Alexa Fluor 488 Conjugate Kit for Live Cell Imaging | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A25528 | |
| CD44 Rat Anti-Human/Mouse mAb (Clone IM7) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | RM-5700 (no longer available) | |
| Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A-11029 | |
| Goat anti-Rat IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 594 conjugate | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A-11007 | |
| Alkaline Phosphatase Live Stain | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A14353 | |
| TRA-1-60 Alexa Fluor 488 Conjugate Kit for Live Cell Imaging | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A25618 | |
| CD24 Mouse Anti-Human mAb (clone SN3), FITC conjugate | Thermo Fisher Scientific | MHCD2401 | |
| beta-2 Microglobulin Antibody, FITC conjugate (B2M-01) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A15737 | |
| EpCAM / CD326 Antibody, FITC conjugate (VU-1D9) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | A15755 | |
| CD73 / NT5E Antibody (7G2) | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 41-0200 | |
| VECTOR Red Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) Substrate Kit | Vector Laboratories | SK-5100 | |
| Zeiss Axio Observer.Z1 microscope | Carl Zeiss | 491912-0003-000 | |
| FlowJo Data Analysis Software | FLOJO, LLC | N/A | |
| Attune Accoustic Focusing Cytometer, Blue/Red Laser | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Use Attune NXT | |
| S3e Cell Sorter (488/561 nm) | BIO-RAD | 1451006 | |
| Falcon 12 x 75 mm Tube with Cell Strainer Cap | Corning | 352235 | |
| Falcon 15 mL, high-clarity, dome-seal screw cap | Corning | 352097 | |
| Falcon T-75 Flask | Corning | 353136 | |
| Falcon T-175 Flask | Corning | 353112 | |
| Falcon 6-well dish | Corning | 353046 | |
| HERAEUS HERACELL CO2 ROLLING INCUBATOR | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 51013669 | |
| Nonstick, RNase-free Microfuge Tubes, 1.5 mL | AM12450 | ||
| HulaMixer Sample Mixer | 15920D |
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