Omprogrammering humane somatiske celler i induceret pluripotente stamceller (IPSC'er) under anvendelse af retroviral vektor med GFP
Summary
En fremgangsmåde til at generere humane inducerede pluripotente stamceller (IPSC'er) via retrovirus-medieret ektopisk ekspression af OCT4 er SOX2, KLF4 og MYC beskrevet. En praktisk måde at identificere menneskelige IPSC kolonier baseret på GFP-ekspression er også diskuteret.
Abstract
Humane embryonale stamceller (hESCs) er pluripotente og en uvurderlig cellulære kilder til in vitro sygdom modellering og regenerativ medicin 1. Det er tidligere blevet vist, at humane somatiske celler kan omprogrammeres til pluripotens ved ektopisk ekspression af fire transkriptionsfaktorer (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 og Myc) og blive induceret pluripotente stamceller (IPSC'er) 2-4. Ligesom hESCs, er menneskelige IPSC'er pluripotente og en potentiel kilde til autologe celler. Her beskriver vi den protokol, at omprogrammere humane fibroblastceller med de fire omprogrammeringsbeslutninger faktorer klonet i GFP-holdige retroviral rygraden 4. Brug følgende protokol, vi skaber menneskelige IPSC'er i 3-4 uger under menneskelige ESC kultur tilstand. Humane IPSC kolonier ligner hESCs i morfologi og viser tab af GFP-fluorescens som følge af retroviral transgen lyddæmpning. IPSC kolonier isoleres mekanisk under en fluorescens microscoPE opføre sig på samme måde som hESCs. I disse celler, detektere vi ekspressionen af multiple pluripotens gener og overflademarkører.
Protocol
Discussion
Ekspression af fire transkriptionsfaktorer omprogrammerer humane fibroblaster til IPSC'er. Mange forsøg på at generere humane IPSC'er med ikke-integrerende eller ikke-genetiske fremgangsmåder til at generere klinisk sikre IPSC'er. Hidtil har disse metoder udviser ekstremt lave effektivitet og kræver yderligere optimering for at forbedre reproducerbarheden 11-14. Retro-eller lentiviral metoder let bruges til at udlede og anvende IPSC'er til human di vitro sygdomsmodeller, …
Divulgazioni
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Dette arbejde blev finansieret ved Yale School of Medicine and Child Health Research Award fra Charles Hood Foundation.
Materials
| Name | Concentration | Company | Catalogue Number |
| hESC medium | |||
| DMEM/F12 | 80% | Invitrogen | 11330057 |
| Knockout Serum Replacer | 20% | Invitrogen | 10828-028 |
| L-Glutamine (200 mM) | 2 mM | Invitrogen | 25030081 |
| Nonessential Amino Acids (10 mM) | 0.1 mM | Invitrogen | 11140050 |
| β-Mercaptoethanol (14.3 M) or MTG | 0.1 mM | Invitrogen | M-6250 |
| bFGF-2 10 μg/ml | 4 ng/ml | GIBCO/BRL | GF003AF |
| Penicillin/Streptomycin | 1% | Millipore | 15140-122 |
| Fiboblasts Medium | |||
| DMEM | 90% | Invitrogen | 11965118 |
| FBS | 10% | Invitrogen | 10407028 |
| Penicillin/Streptomycin | 1% | Millipore | 15140-122 |
Table 1. Culture Medium
| Name | Concentration | Company | Catalogue Number |
| Antibodies | |||
| OCT4 | 1:500 | Abcam | Ab19857 |
| SSEA3 | 1:100 | Milipore | MAB4303 |
| SSEA4 | 1:100 | BD Biosciences | BD560218 |
| Tra-1-81 | 1:100 | BD Biosciences | BD560173 |
| Tra-1-60 | 1:100 | BD Biosciences | BD560174 |
| NANOG | 1:500 | Abcam | Ab21624 |
| Alexa-Flur 488 | 1:1000 | Invitrogen | A11008 |
| Alexa-Flur 555 | 1:1000 | Invitrogen | A21422 |
| DAPI | 1:5000 | Invitrogen | D1306 |
| Plasmids | |||
| pMIG-OCT4 | Addgene | 17225 | |
| pMIG-SOX2 | Addgene | 17226 | |
| pMIG-KLF4 | Addgene | 17227 | |
| pMIG-MYC | Addgene | 18119 | |
| Other Materials | |||
| Collagenase type IV | 1mg/ml | Invitrogen | 17104019 |
| Gelatin, Porcine | 0.1% | Sigma | G 1890 |
| Triton | 0.2% | Sigma | X100-500ML |
| Paraformaldehyde | 4% | Sigma | 47608 |
| BSA | 3% | American Bioanalytical | AB01800 |
| MEF feeder cells | Millipore | PMEF-N | |
| Cell Lifter | Corning | 3008 | |
| Equipment | |||
| Fluorescent microscopy: inverted microscope with GFP filter | |||
Table 2. Reagents and equipment.
Riferimenti
- Murry, C. E., Keller, G. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to clinically relevant populations: lessons from embryonic development. Cell. 132, 661-680 (2008).
- Takahashi, K., Tanabe, K., Ohnuki, M., Narita, M., Ichisaka, T., Tomoda, K., Yamanaka, S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell. 131, 861-872 (2007).
- Yu, J., Vodyanik, M. A., Smuga-Otto, K., Antosiewicz-Bourget, J., Frane, J. L., Tian, S., Nie, J., Jonsdottir, G. A., Ruotti, V., Stewart, R. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science. 318, 1917-1920 (2007).
- Park, I. H., Zhao, R., West, J. A., Yabuuchi, A., Huo, H., Ince, T. A., Lerou, P. H., Lensch, M. W., Daley, G. Q. Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors. Nature. 451, 141-146 (2008).
- Park, I. H., Lerou, P. H., Zhao, R., Huo, H., Daley, G. Q. Generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature Protocols. 3, 1180-1186 (2008).
- Park, I. H., Zhao, R., West, J. A., Yabuuchi, A., Huo, H., Ince, T. A., Lerou, P. H., Lensch, M. W., Daley, G. Q. Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors. Nature. 451, 141-146 (2008).
- Hotta, A., Ellis, J. Retroviral vector silencing during iPS cell induction: an epigenetic beacon that signals distinct pluripotent states. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 105, 940-948 (2008).
- Matsui, T., Leung, D., Miyashita, H., Maksakova, I. A., Miyachi, H., Kimura, H., Tachibana, M., Lorincz, M. C., Shinkai, Y. Proviral silencing in embryonic stem cells requires the histone methyltransferase ESET. Nature. 464, 927-931 (2010).
- Wolf, D., Goff, S. P. Embryonic stem cells use ZFP809 to silence retroviral DNAs. Nature. 458, 1201-1204 (2009).
- Chan, E. M., Ratanasirintrawoot, S., Park, I. H., Manos, P. D., Loh, Y. H., Huo, H., Miller, J. D., Hartung, O., Rho, J., Ince, T. A. Live cell imaging distinguishes bona fide human iPS cells from partially reprogrammed cells. Nat. Biotechnol. 27, 1033-1037 (2009).
- Yu, J., Hu, K., Smuga-Otto, K., Tian, S., Stewart, R., Slukvin, ., Thomson, J. A. Human induced pluripotent stem cells free of vector and transgene sequences. Science. 324, 797-801 (2009).
- Kim, D., Kim, C. H., Moon, J. I., Chung, Y. G., Chang, M. Y., Han, B. S., Ko, S., Yang, E., Cha, K. Y., Lanza, R. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells by direct delivery of reprogramming proteins. Cell Stem Cell. 4, 472-476 (2009).
- Warren, L., Manos, P. D., Ahfeldt, T., Loh, Y. H., Li, H., Lau, F., Ebina, W., Mandal, P. K., Smith, Z. D., Meissner, A. Highly efficient reprogramming to pluripotency and directed differentiation of human cells with synthetic modified mRNA. Cell Stem Cell. 7, 618-630 (2010).
- Ban, H., Nishishita, N., Fusaki, N., Tabata, T., Saeki, K., Shikamura, M., Takada, N., Inoue, M., Hasegawa, M., Kawamata, S. Efficient generation of transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by temperature-sensitive Sendai virus vectors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108, 14234-14239 (2011).
- Wolf, D., Goff, S. P. TRIM28 mediates primer binding site-targeted silencing of murine leukemia virus in embryonic cells. Cell. 131, 46-57 (2007).
- Park, I. H., Arora, N., Huo, H., Maherali, N., Ahfeldt, T., Shimamura, A., Lensch, M. W., Cowan, C., Hochedlinger, K., Daley, G. Q. Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell. 134, 877-886 (2008).
- Kim, K. Y., Hysolli, E., Park, I. H. Neuronal maturation defect in induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with Rett syndrome. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108, 14169-14174 (2011).
