JoVE Journal > Immunology and Infection
Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Results
Discussion
Disclosures
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
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면역학 및 감염병학

Ein Ex-vivo-Assay zur Untersuchung von Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenese im Magen-Darm-Trakt

Published: July 01, 2020
doi:
10.3791/61488
, ,
1College of Veterinary Medicine,Midwestern University, 2Masters in Biomedical Science Program, College of Graduate Studies,Midwestern University, 3Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine,Midwestern University

Summary

Der in dieser Studie beschriebene Ex-vivo-Assay mit Darmhomogenat-Extrakten und Immunfluoreszenzfärbung stellt eine neuartige Methode dar, um die Hypahypomorphogenese von Candida albicans im GI-Trakt zu untersuchen. Diese Methode kann verwendet werden, um die Umweltsignale zu untersuchen, die den morphogenetischen Übergang im Darm regulieren.

Abstract

Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenese im Magen-Darm-Trakt (GI) wird durch verschiedene Umweltsignale streng kontrolliert und spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Verbreitung und Pathogenese dieses opportunistischen Pilzerregers. Allerdings sind Methoden zur Visualisierung von Pilzhyphen im GI-Trakt in vivo eine Herausforderung, die das Verständnis von Umweltsignalen bei der Steuerung dieses Morphogenese-Prozesses einschränkt. Das hier beschriebene Protokoll zeigt eine neuartige ex vivo Methode zur Visualisierung der Hyphalmorphogenese in Darmhomogenatextrakten. Anhand eines Ex-vivo-Assays zeigt diese Studie, dass cecal-Gehalte von antibiotikabehandelten Mäusen, aber nicht von unbehandelten Kontrollmäusen, C. albicans Hyphalmorphogenese im Darmgehalt fördern. Darüber hinaus reguliert das Hinzufügen spezifischer Gruppen von Darmmetaboliten zu den Cecal-Inhalten von antibiotikabehandelten Mäusen die Hyphenmorphogenese ex vivo. Zusammengenommen stellt dieses Protokoll eine neuartige Methode dar, um die Umweltsignale zu identifizieren und zu untersuchen, die die Hyphalmorphogenese von C. albicans im GI-Trakt steuern.

Introduction

Candida albicans ist ein opportunistischer, polymorpher Pilzerreger, der normalerweise commensal ist, aber eine morphologische Veränderung in eine virulente Form durchmachen kann, die lebensbedrohliche Infektionen bei immungeschwächten Individuen1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13verursachen kann. C. albicans ist eine der Hauptursachen für systemische nosokomiale Infektionen, mit einer Sterblichkeitsrate von 40-u201260% auch bei antimykogaler Behandlung2,14,15. Obwohl C. albicans in verschiedenen Wirtsnischen einschließlich des weiblichen Fortpflanzungssystems16,17, die Mundhöhle von gesunden Personen18 und der Magen-Darm-Trakt19,20, die Mehrheit der systemischen Infektionen stammen aus dem GI-Trakt und darüber hinaus, die Quelle der systemischen Infektion wird oft bestätigt, um die GI-Trakt21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34. C. Albicans Pathogenität im GI-Trakt wird durch eine Vielzahl von Faktoren beeinflusst; Ein wesentliches Merkmal, das für die Virulenz notwendig ist, ist jedoch der Übergang von einer Hefezellmorphologie zu einer virulenten Hypothekzellmorphologie35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44. C. Albicans Anhaftung und Verbreitung aus dem GI-Trakt während der Infektion ist stark mit seiner Fähigkeit verbunden, von einer kommensalen Hefe in virulenten Hyphen zu übergehen, so dass die Pilze invasive Krankheitverursachen 44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53.

Eine Vielzahl von Faktoren im Darm, einschließlich n-Acetylglucosamin, regulieren Hyphalbildung durch C. albicans. Daher ist es entscheidend, die Wissenslücke über die Hyphalmorphogenese dieses Pilzerregers im GI-Trakt54,55,56zu verringern. Jüngste Hinweise deuten darauf hin, dass verschiedene Darmmetaboliten die Hyphalmorphogenese von C. albicans in vitro57,58,59,60differenziell steuern. Jedoch, technische Zwänge stellen Probleme bei dem Versuch, C. albicans Hyphen Bildung in in vivo Darmproben zu studieren, insbesondere Färbung Hefe und Hyphenzellen und quantitative Analyse der Hyphal-Entwicklung. Um die Hyphalmorphogenese von C. albicans im GI-Trakt zu verstehen, wurde eine Ex-vivo-Methode entwickelt, bei der lösliche Extrakte mit homogenisiertem Darmgehalt von Mäusen verwendet wurden, um die Wirkung von Metaboliten auf die Pilzhyptohypomorphogenese zu untersuchen. Mit Hilfe von Darmproben von Mäusen, die resistent und anfällig für C. albicans GI-Infektion sind, wird diese Methode helfen, die Wirkung von Metaboliten, Antibiotika und Xenobiotika auf Pilzhyptohypomorphogenese im GI-Trakt zu identifizieren und zu studieren.

Protocol

Alle Tierprotokolle wurden vom Midwestern University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) wie vor57beschrieben genehmigt. Der Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee der Midwestern University genehmigte diese Studie im Rahmen des MWU IACUC Protocol #2894. Die MWU-Tierpflegerichtlinien folgen der Politik des öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (PHS) zur humanen Pflege und Verwendung von Labortieren und den Richtlinien des Tierschutzgesetzes (AWA). 1. Mäus…

Representative Results

Diese Ergebnisse zusammen mit früheren Erkenntnissen aus dem Thangamani-Labor60 deuten darauf hin, dass, wenn C. albicans ex vivo in Darmhomogenat-Extrakten aus dem Magen, Dünndarm und Dickdarm von unbehandelten Kontroll- und antibiotikabehandelten Mäusen angebaut wird, C. albicans in der Regel mit einer Hefemorphologie entwickelt (Abbildung 1B). Wenn jedoch im Cecal-Extrakt von antibiotikabehandelten Mäusen angebaut, erfährt C. albicans</em…

Discussion

Die hier beschriebene Methode stellt eine neue Methode dar, um die Wirkung von antibiotika-, diätetischen, xenobiotischen und therapeutischen Auswirkungen auf die Hypahypomorphese von C. albicans im GI-Trakt zu untersuchen. Da die Mehrheit der systemischen Infektionen aus dem GI-Traktstammen 21,22,23,24,25,26,<…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Die Autoren würdigen Ressourcen und Unterstützung von Midwestern University Cellular and Molecular Core Research Facility.

Materials

1 – 10 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-454 Misc
100 – 1000 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-400 Misc
20 – 200 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-451 Misc
2-methylbutyric acid Sigma 193070-25G hyphal-inhibitory compound
488 goat anti-rabbit IgG Invitrogen (Fisher) A11008 IF Staining secondary ab
Agar Fisher BP1423-500 YPD agar component
Automated Imaging Microscope Keyence BZX700
Candida Albicans Antibody Invitrogen (Fisher) PA1-27158 IF Staining primary ab
cefoperazone Cayman 16113 antibiotic
deoxycholic acid Sigma 30960 hyphal-inhibitory compound
D-Glucose Fisher D16-500 hyphal-promoting compound
forceps Fisher 08-885
lactic acid Alfa Aesar AAAL13242-06 hyphal-inhibitory compound
lithocholic acid Sigma L6250-10G hyphal-inhibitory compound
palmitic acid Sigma P5585-10G hyphal-inhibitory compound
Paraformaldehyde Alfa Aesar A11313 IF Staining fixative
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 10x Alfa Aesar J62692 PBS component
p-tolylacetic acid SCBT sc-257959 hyphal-inhibitory compound
sebacic acid Sigma 283258-250G hyphal-inhibitory compound
sharp ended scissors Fisher 28301
sterile Milli-Q water N/A N/A Misc
YPD Broth BD Biosciences 242810 YPD agar component
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Tags

Ex Vivo AssayCandida AlbicansHyphal MorphogenesisGastrointestinal TractGut MetabolitesEnteric PathogensDissectionGI Tract ExtractionGut Content CollectionC. Albicans CulturePBS ResuspensionGut Content HomogenizationMicroscopy Analysis

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Monasky, R., Villa, S., Thangamani, S. An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract. J. Vis. Exp. (161), e61488, doi:10.3791/61488 (2020).
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