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Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Results
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Bir Ex vivo Assay Gastrointestinal Sistemde Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis Çalışma

Published: July 01, 2020
doi:
10.3791/61488
, ,
1College of Veterinary Medicine,Midwestern University, 2Masters in Biomedical Science Program, College of Graduate Studies,Midwestern University, 3Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine,Midwestern University

Summary

Gut homojen özler ve immünofloresan boyama kullanılarak bu çalışmada açıklanan ex vivo tsay GI sisteminde Candida albicans hiphal morfogenez incelemek için yeni bir yöntem temsil eder. Bu yöntem bağırsakta morfogenetik geçişi düzenleyen çevresel sinyalleri araştırmak için kullanılabilir.

Abstract

Candida albicans gastrointestinal hyphal morfogenez (GI) yolu sıkı çeşitli çevresel sinyaller tarafından kontrol edilir, ve bu fırsatçı mantar patojenin yayılması ve patogenezönemli önemli bir rol oynar. Ancak, in vivo GI sisteminde mantar hyphae görselleştirmek için yöntemler bu morfogenez sürecini kontrol çevresel sinyallerin anlaşılmasını sınırlar zordur. Burada açıklanan protokol, gut homojen özlerde hiphal morfogenezinin görselleştirilmesi için yeni bir ex vivo yöntemi göstermektedir. Bir ex vivo tsay kullanarak, Bu çalışma göstermiştir ki antibiyotik tedavi farelerden cecal içeriği, ancak tedavi edilmemiş kontrol fareler, bağırsak içeriğinde C. albicans hiphal morfogenezi teşvik. Ayrıca, antibiyotik tedavi farelerden sekal içeriğine bağırsak metabolitleri belirli gruplar geri ekleyerek farklı hiphal morfogenez ex vivo düzenler. Birlikte ele alındığında, bu protokol tanımlamak ve C. albicans hyphal morfogenez gi sisteminde kontrol çevresel sinyalleri araştırmak için yeni bir yöntem temsil eder.

Introduction

Candida albicans normalde kommensal bir fırsatçı, polimorfik mantar patojen, ancak bağışıklık tehlikeyebireylerdeyaşamı tehdit eden enfeksiyonlara neden yeteneğine sahip öldürücü bir forma morfolojik bir değişim geçirebilir 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13. C. albicans sistemik nosokomiyal enfeksiyonların önde gelen nedenidir, bir 40\u201260% mortalite oranı ile antifungal tedavi ile bile2,14,15. C. albicans kadın üreme sistemi16dahil olmak üzere farklı konak nişlerde ikamet rağmen16 ,17, sağlıklı bireylerin ağız boşluğu18 ve gastrointestinal (GI) yolu19,20, sistemik enfeksiyonların çoğunluğu GI sistemi ve dahası kaynaklanan, sistemik enfeksiyon kaynağı genellikle GI yolu olduğu doğrulanır21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34. C. albicans patojenite GI yolu faktörlerin geniş bir yelpazede etkilenir; ancak, virülans için gerekli önemli bir özelliği öldürücü bir hiphal hücre morfolojisi içine bir maya hücre morfolojisi geçiş35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44. C. albicans eki ve enfeksiyon sırasında GI sisteminden yayılması son derece öldürücü hyphae içine bir commensal maya geçiş kapasitesi ile ilişkilidir, mantar invaziv hastalığa neden sağlayan44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53.

Bağırsakta çeşitli faktörler, n-asetilglucosamine dahil, C. albicanstarafından hiphal oluşumunu düzenleyen. Bu nedenle, GI sisteminde bu mantar patojeninin hiphal morfogenezi ile ilgili bilgi açığını daraltmak çok önemlidir54,55,56. Son kanıtlar çeşitli bağırsak metabolitlerinin farklı olarak C. albicans in vitro57,58,59,60hipofna morfogenezini kontrol ettiğini göstermektedir. Ancak, teknik kısıtlamalar in vivo gut örneklerinde C. albicans hyphae oluşumunu incelemeye çalışırken sorunlar mevcut, özellikle maya ve hyphae hücreleri boyama ve hyplal gelişimi kantitatif analizi. Gi sisteminde C. albicans hyphal morfogenezi anlamak için, bir ex vivo yöntemi mantar hyphal morfogenez üzerinde metabolitlerin etkisini incelemek için farelerden homojenize bağırsak içeriğinin çözünür özleri kullanılarak geliştirilmiştir. C. albicans GI enfeksiyonuna dirençli ve duyarlı farelerden alınan bağırsak örneklerini kullanan bu yöntem, metabolitlerin, antibiyotiklerin ve ksenobiyotiklerin GI sistemindeki mantar lı hiphal morfogenezi üzerindeki etkisini belirlemeye ve incelemeye yardımcı olacaktır.

Protocol

Tüm hayvan protokolleri Midwestern Üniversitesi Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi (IACUC) tarafından57önce açıklandığı gibi onaylanmıştır. Midwestern Üniversitesi Kurumsal Hayvan Bakım ve Kullanım Komitesi, #2894 MWU IACUC Protokolü kapsamında bu çalışmayı onayladı. MWU hayvan bakım politikaları, Laboratuvar Hayvanlarının İnsani Bakımı ve Kullanımına Ilişkin Halk Sağlığı Hizmeti (PHS) Politikası’nı ve Hayvan Refahı Yasası’nda (AWA) belirtilen poli…

Representative Results

Thangamani laboratuvarı60 önceki bulgular ile birlikte bu sonuçlar C. albicans mide, ince bağırsak ve tedavi edilmemiş kontrol ve antibiyotik tedavi farelerin kalın bağırsak alınan bağırsak homojenate özleri ex vivo yetiştirilen zaman, C. albicans genellikle bir maya morfolojisi ile gelişir göstermektedir(Şekil 1B). Ancak, antibiyotik le tedavi edilen farelerden sekal ekstresinde yetiştiğinde, C. albicans kolayca morfogene…

Discussion

Burada açıklanan yöntem, antibiyotik, diyet, ksenobiyotik ve terapötik etkileri nin C. albicans hyphal morfogenezi üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak için yeni bir yol sunar GI sisteminde. Sistemik enfeksiyonların çoğunluğu GI sistemi kaynaklanan olduğundan21,22,23,24,25,26,27</s…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Yazarlar, Midwestern Üniversitesi Hücresel ve Moleküler Çekirdek Araştırma tesisinin kaynaklarını ve desteğini kabul ediyor.

Materials

1 – 10 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-454 Misc
100 – 1000 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-400 Misc
20 – 200 µL Pipet Tips Fisher Scientific 02-707-451 Misc
2-methylbutyric acid Sigma 193070-25G hyphal-inhibitory compound
488 goat anti-rabbit IgG Invitrogen (Fisher) A11008 IF Staining secondary ab
Agar Fisher BP1423-500 YPD agar component
Automated Imaging Microscope Keyence BZX700
Candida Albicans Antibody Invitrogen (Fisher) PA1-27158 IF Staining primary ab
cefoperazone Cayman 16113 antibiotic
deoxycholic acid Sigma 30960 hyphal-inhibitory compound
D-Glucose Fisher D16-500 hyphal-promoting compound
forceps Fisher 08-885
lactic acid Alfa Aesar AAAL13242-06 hyphal-inhibitory compound
lithocholic acid Sigma L6250-10G hyphal-inhibitory compound
palmitic acid Sigma P5585-10G hyphal-inhibitory compound
Paraformaldehyde Alfa Aesar A11313 IF Staining fixative
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 10x Alfa Aesar J62692 PBS component
p-tolylacetic acid SCBT sc-257959 hyphal-inhibitory compound
sebacic acid Sigma 283258-250G hyphal-inhibitory compound
sharp ended scissors Fisher 28301
sterile Milli-Q water N/A N/A Misc
YPD Broth BD Biosciences 242810 YPD agar component
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Tags

Ex Vivo AssayCandida AlbicansHyphal MorphogenesisGastrointestinal TractGut MetabolitesEnteric PathogensDissectionGI Tract ExtractionGut Content CollectionC. Albicans CulturePBS ResuspensionGut Content HomogenizationMicroscopy Analysis

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Monasky, R., Villa, S., Thangamani, S. An Ex vivo Assay to Study Candida albicans Hyphal Morphogenesis in the Gastrointestinal Tract. J. Vis. Exp. (161), e61488, doi:10.3791/61488 (2020).
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