मानव अग्नाशय islets के लिए धुंधला हो जाना प्रोटोकॉल
Summary
इस वीडियो hematoxylin और लाल भामसान रंग (एच एंड ई) और immunohistochemistry (आईएचसी) का उपयोग मानव अग्नाशय islets के लक्षण वर्णन के लिए प्रक्रियाओं को दर्शाता है. सिर, शरीर, और पूंछ क्षेत्रों से अग्नाशय वर्गों दोनों एच और ई और आईएचसी द्वारा दाग रहे हैं आइलेट (इंसुलिन, ग्लूकागन, और अग्नाशय पॉलीपेप्टाइड) अंत: स्रावी रचना, सेल प्रतिकृति (Ki67), और भड़काऊ पैठ (एच ई, CD3) निर्धारित करने के लिए. हुकदार, घुमावदार या टेढ़ा क्षेत्र पॉलीपेप्टाइड अग्नाशय के लिए आईएचसी का उपयोग स्थानीय है.
Abstract
Estimates of islet area and numbers and endocrine cell composition in the adult human pancreas vary from several hundred thousand to several million and beta mass ranges from 500 to 1500 mg 1-3. With this known heterogeneity, a standard processing and staining procedure was developed so that pancreatic regions were clearly defined and islets characterized using rigorous histopathology and immunolocalization examinations.
Standardized procedures for processing human pancreas recovered from organ donors are described in part 1 of this series. The pancreas is processed into 3 main regions (head, body, tail) followed by transverse sections. Transverse sections from the pancreas head are further divided, as indicated based on size, and numbered alphabetically to denote subsections. This standardization allows for a complete cross sectional analysis of the head region including the uncinate region which contains islets composed primarily of pancreatic polypeptide cells to the tail region.
The current report comprises part 2 of this series and describes the procedures used for serial sectioning and histopathological characterization of the pancreatic paraffin sections with an emphasis on islet endocrine cells, replication, and T-cell infiltrates. Pathology of pancreatic sections is intended to characterize both exocrine, ductular, and endocrine components. The exocrine compartment is evaluated for the presence of pancreatitis (active or chronic), atrophy, fibrosis, and fat, as well as the duct system, particularly in relationship to the presence of pancreatic intraductal neoplasia4. Islets are evaluated for morphology, size, and density, endocrine cells, inflammation, fibrosis, amyloid, and the presence of replicating or apoptotic cells using H&E and IHC stains.
The final component described in part 2 is the provision of the stained slides as digitized whole slide images. The digitized slides are organized by case and pancreas region in an online pathology database creating a virtual biobank. Access to this online collection is currently provided to over 200 clinicians and scientists involved in type 1 diabetes research. The online database provides a means for rapid and complete data sharing and for investigators to select blocks for paraffin or frozen serial sections.
Protocol
Discussion
आईएचसी प्रक्रियाओं का मानकीकरण छवि विश्लेषण के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है, खासकर जब समय के साथ स्लाइड्स की बड़ी संख्या पार कंप्यूटर आधारित एल्गोरिदम का उपयोग करते हुए. आईएचसी धुंधला इस रिपोर्ट में वर्णित प्र?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
लेखकों 'दाताओं के परिवारों और अंग प्रत्यारोपण खरीद संगठन में शामिल उनके विशेषज्ञ की सहायता के लिए इस अनुसंधान और एमिली मांटगोमेरी, रॉबर्ट Pietras, एन फू, मिताली अग्रवाल, रोशन अग्रवाल धन्यवाद. इस काम अग्नाशय के मधुमेह के साथ अंग दाताओं के लिए नेटवर्क के समर्थन में किशोर मधुमेह अनुसंधान फाउंडेशन (MC-T.) द्वारा वित्त पोषित किया गया.
Materials
| Name of the reagent | Company | Catalogue number | Comments |
| 30% Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) | FisherScientific | H325-500 | Endogenous peroxidase blocking |
| ABC-Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) | Vector | AK-5000 | AP conjugate |
| Antibody Diluent | Invitrogen | 003218 | Primary antibody |
| Avidin blocker | Vector | SP-2001 | Block endogenous biotin |
| Biotinylated Goat anti-guinea pig | Vector | BA-7000 | Secondary antibody |
| Bluing Reagent | FisherScientific | 7301 | Leica autostainer |
| Citrate buffer, pH 6.0 | BioGenex | HK086-9K | Antigen retrieval |
| Clarifier 1 | FisherScientific | 7401 | Leica autostainer |
| Cytoseal XYL | FisherScientific | 8312-4 | Coverslip mountant |
| DAB | Vector | SK-4100 | HRP chromogen |
| DEEB | DAKO | S2003 | Endogenous AP blocking reagent |
| Eosin Y Alcoholic | FisherScientific | 71204 | Leica autostainer |
| Ethanols- 100%, 95%, 90%, 70% | FisherScientific | Various | Deparaffinization and coverslipping |
| Hematoxylin | DAKO | S3301 | Dako autostainer |
| Hematoxylin 7211 | FisherScientific | 7211 | Leica autostainer |
| IgG (all host species for primary antibodies) | Various | Various | Negative controls for primaries |
| Liquid Permanent Red (LPR) | DAKO | K0640 | AP chromogen |
| Mach2 AP | Biocare Medical | MALP521L | Goat anti-Mouse AP conjugate |
| Mach2 HRP | Biocare Medical | MHRP520L | Goat anti-Mouse HRP conjugate |
| Mach2 HRP | Biocare Medical | RHRP520L | Goat anti-Mouse HRP conjugate |
| Methanol | FisherScientific | Various | H2O2 diluent |
| Normal goat serum | Vector | S-1000 | IHC blocking reagent |
| Sniper | Biocare Medical | BS966M | IHC blocking reagent |
| TBST 20X | ThermoScientific | TA-999-TT | IHC buffer |
| Triology 20x | Cell Marque | 920P-06 | Antigen Retrieval |
| Xylene | FisherScientific | Various | Deparaffinization and coverslipping |
Table 1. Specific reagents.
| Primary Antibody | Host species | Vendor | Cat. # | Comments and Antigen Retrieval |
| Paraffin | ||||
| Amylase | Mouse | Santa Cruz | SC-46657 | Citrate |
| Amylin | Mouse | Serotec | MCA11267 | Citrate |
| Carbonic anhydrase 19.9 | Mouse | Abcam | ab15146 | |
| Caspase-3, cleaved | Rabbit | Cell Signaling | 9961 | Citrate or Trilogy |
| CD20 | Mouse | DAKO | M0755 | Citrate or Trilogy |
| CD3 | Rabbit | DAKO | A0452 | Citrate |
| CD34 | Mouse | Cell Signaling | 3569 | Citrate |
| CD4 | Mouse | DAKO | M7310 | Citrate |
| CD45 | Mouse | DAKO | M0754 | Citrate |
| CD68 | Mouse | DAKO | M0876 | Citrate |
| CD8 | Mouse | DAKO | M7103 | Citrate |
| Chromogranin A | Rabbit | DAKO | A0430 | Citrate |
| CK17 | Mouse | DAKO | M7046 | Citrate |
| CK19 | Mouse | DAKO | M0772 | Citrate |
| CK7 | Mouse | DAKO | M7018 | Citrate |
| C-peptide | Rabbit | Cell Signaling | 4593 | Citrate |
| Foxp3 | Rat | e Bioscience | 14-4776-80 | Citrate |
| Ghrelin | Goat | Santa Cruz | SC-10386 | |
| Ghrelin | Rabbit | Abcam | ab85104 | |
| Glucagon | Rabbit | DAKO | A0565 | |
| Glucagon | Mouse | Abcam | ab10988 | Citrate |
| Glucagon | Guinea Pig | Bachem | T-5037 | Citrate |
| Glut-1 | Mouse | Abcam | ab40084 | Trilogy |
| Glut-2 | Rabbit | Santa Cruz | SC-9117 | Not expressed in human islets |
| Insulin | Guinea Pig | DAKO | A0564 | |
| Ki-67 | Mouse | DAKO | M7240 | Citrate |
| Mafa | Rabbit | Novus Biological | NB400-137A | Trilogy |
| Pancreatic polypeptide | Rabbit | Invitrogen | 18-0043 | Citrate |
| Pdx-1 | Guinea Pig | Abcam | ab47308 | Citrate or Trilogy |
| Proinsulin | Mouse | Novocastra | NCL-proin-1G4 | |
| Proinsulin | Mouse | Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank | GS-9A8 | Citrate |
| Secretagogin | Rabbit | Sigma | HPA 006641 | Citrate |
| Smooth muscle actin | Rabbit | Abcam | ab5694 | |
| Somatostatin | Rabbit | DAKO | A0566 | |
| Synaptophysin | Mouse | DAKO | M0776 | Citrate |
| Fresh Frozen | Host species | Vendor | Cat. # | Comments |
| CD11b | Rat | Abcam | ab6332 | Fix with 4% PF |
| CD11c | Rabbit | Serotec | AHP1226 | |
| CD25 | Mouse | Novus Biological | NB 600-564 | Use overnight incubation for paraffin sections |
| CD94 | Mouse | Abcam | ab61874 | Fix with acetone |
| GAD65 | Mouse | Santa Cruz | SC-130569 | Fix with 4% PF |
| HLA-ABC | Mouse | DAKO | M0736 | Fix with acetone or 4% PF |
Table 2. Primary antibodies.
| Name of the reagent | Company | Catalogue number | Comments |
| Aperio Scanscope CS | Aperio | Digital slide scanner | |
| DAKO Autostainer Plus | DAKO | IHC stains | |
| Label Matrix printing software | BioCarta | LM7UP57 | Slide label software |
| Leica XL Autostainer | Leica | H&E stains | |
| Premium Coverglass | FisherScientific | 12-548-5J | Coverslip |
| Spectrum Information Manager | Aperio | Scanner software | |
| Superfrost Plus slides | FisherScientific | 12-550-15 | Positively charged slides |
| Vegetable steamer | Black and Decker | Various | Antigen retrieval |
| Zebra TLP 3742 | CDWG | TLP3742 | Slide label printer |
Table 3. Specific supplies and equipment.
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