医療難治性てんかんの術前評価におけるロボットの助けを借りてステレオエレクトロEncephalo-グラフィー（SEEG）：テクニカルノート
Summary
Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) aids in localization of epileptogenic zones, however, remains relatively underutilized in the United States. The goal of this abstract is to provide a brief introduction to the technique of SEEG and further a detailed technique of using robotic assistance in the placement of SEEG electrodes.
Abstract
SEEGは、3次元の記録を介し発作活動の正確な、侵襲的な記録のために使用された方法および技術です。侵襲的な記録のための適切な候補とみなされているてんかん患者では、監視するための決定はSEEG対硬膜下グリッドとの間で行われます。てんかんのための侵略的neuromonitoringは、複雑な、医学的に難治性てんかんの患者で追求されています。侵襲的なモニタリングの目標は、発作の自由を可能にする希望を持ってresective手術を提供することです。 SEEGの利点は深い皮質構造へのアクセス、てんかんゾーン硬膜下グリッドはそうすることができなかった（EZ）、および非病変超時間的なてんかんの患者でをローカライズする能力を含みます。本稿では、我々はSEEGの簡潔な歴史的概観を提示し、ロボットの下のフレームレス定位の経験について報告します。 SEEG挿入の不可欠のステップは、電極の軌道を計画しています。最も効果的に記録するためにSEEG軌道を介した発作活動は、発作活動が推定されるてんかんゾーン（EZ）を発信する場所の仮説に基づいて計画する必要があります。 EZ仮説は、ビデオEEGモニタリング、MRI（磁気共鳴画像法）、PET（陽電子放射断層撮影法）、発作SPECT（単一光子放射型コンピュータ断層撮影法）、および神経心理学的評価を含む標準化された術前の精密検査に基づいています。疑わしいEZを使用して、SEEG電極は、最小限侵襲まだ正確さと精度を維持するために配置することができます。臨床結果は、てんかん患者をローカライズすることは難しいの78％にEZをローカライズする能力を示した。1
Introduction
In medically refractory epilepsy there are many non-invasive pre-surgical tools (scalp EEG., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, single photon emission computed tomography, positron emission topography, and magnetoencephalography). If these non-invasive evaluations fail to sufficiently localize or define the epileptic zone (EZ) then invasive recording may be indicated. Currently, subdural grids or Stereo-electro-encephalo-graphy (SEEG) are the two most prevalent methods of invasive monitoring. SEEG was originally developed in France in the 1950’s by Jean Talairach and Jean Bancaud; recently it has mostly been used for invasive monitoring of refractory epilepsy patients in France.2-4 SEEG is the consists of stereotactically inserting intracerebral electrodes into the brain parenchyma to record brain electrical activity for an extended period of time. With the intracerebral electrical recordings many patients are able to have their EZ defined to allow for surgical resection.
Despite this long history of success SEEG remains relatively rarely used for invasive recording in America. However, SEEG does offer several significant advantages; SEEG allows for 1) recording of deep structures, 2) bihemispheric recordings, 3) another recording option if subdural grids failed, and 4) mapping of epileptic networks in three dimensions, mainly in patients where non-lesional extra-temporal epilepsy is suspected.5-7 All of these benefits are achieved without requiring a large craniotomy. A recent technologic advance in SEEG surgery is the used of robotic guidance. This sophisticated development allows for improved operative times but safer and more accurate surgical implantation of electrodes.Recently published literature reviews the results of using two different techniques for SEEG insertion; a more traditional method utilizing stereotactic frames and a newer technique using robotic assistante for SEEG insertion.1, 8,15 the results were similarly successful with each method.
With the advent of improved robotic assistance, the SEEG insertion technique has resulted in improved operative times. The robotic system is classified as a supervisory controlled system which means the surgeon plans the operation off line and implicitly specifies the motion the robot must follow to perform the operation.9 The robotic assist results in expedient transitions from one trajectory to the next for the placement of each intracranial electrode.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
ここではロボットの定位支援を利用SEEG挿入する技術が提示されています。 SEEGはもともと、フレームベースの定位の他の方法を用いて説明したが、ロボット支援SEEGは、同様の安全性が、優れた精度と効率だけでなく、を提供しています。文献は、代替技術を使用して他の以前の研究と同情である、例76％以上にEZのローカライズで成功を報告します。6,13、。
任意…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
著者は何の確認応答がありません。
References
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