Abstract
腸神経系は、機能的に消化管運動を制御して消化管の長さを実行しているニューロンとグリアの広大なネットワークである。筋層間神経叢からの神経細胞とグリア細胞の混合集団の単離および培養のための手順を説明する。初代培養は、ニューロンとグリアの間で開発の接続で、7日以上維持することができる。添付叢と縦筋ストリップは、マウスの回腸または結腸の基礎となる円形の筋から除去し、酵素消化に供される。無菌状態では、単離された神経細胞とグリア人口はペレット次遠心内に保存され、カバースリップ上に播種。 24〜48時間以内に、神経突起伸長が起こり、ニューロンは汎神経マーカーで識別することができます。パッチクランプ研究によって観察されるような文化の中で2日後、ニューロン火災活動電位を単離した。さらに、腸グリアもidentifできGFAP染色によりiedを。近い同格のニューロンとグリアのネットワークが5内のフォーム - 7日。腸ニューロンは個別になり、直接的に、例えば免疫組織化学、電気生理学、カルシウムイメージング、および単一細胞PCRなどの方法を用いて研究することができる。さらに、この手順は、遺伝的に改変された動物において行うことができる。この方法は、実行する簡単で安価である。我々はより良い、正常および疾患状態におけるENSの機能を発見することができるように全体的に、このプロトコルは、簡単に操作方法で、腸神経系の構成要素を公開します。
Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| Reagents | |||
| Fisherbrand Coverglass for Growth Cover Glasses (12 mm diameter) | Fisher Scientific | 12-545-82 | |
| Poly-D-lysine | Sigma | P6407- 5 mg | |
| 24-well cell culture plate | CELLTREAT | 229124 | May use any brand |
| Laminin | BD Biosciences | 354 232 | |
| ddH2O | Can prepare in lab | ||
| 15 ml Sterile Centrifuge Tube | Greiner Bio-one | 188261 | May use any brand |
| 50 ml Sterile Centrifuge Tube | Greiner Bio-one | 227261 | May use any brand |
| NaCl | Fisher BioReagents | BP358-212 | MW 58.44 |
| KCl | Fisher BioReagents | BP366-500 | MW 74.55 |
| NaH2PO4 .2H2O | Fisher Chemicals | S369-3 | MW137.99 |
| MgSO4 | Sigma Aldrich | M7506-500G | MW 120.4 |
| NaHCO3 | Sigma Aldrich | S6014-5KG | MW 84.01 |
| glucose | Fisher Chemicals | D16-1 | MW 180.16 |
| CaCl22H2O | Sigma Aldrich | C5080-500G | MW 147.02 |
| F12 media | Gibco | 11330 | |
| Fetal Bovine Serum | Quality Biological Inc. | 110-001-101HI | May use any brand |
| Antibiotic/antimycotic 100x liquid | Gibco | 15240-062 | |
| Neurobasal A media | Gibco | 10888 | |
| 200 mM L-glutamine | Gibco | 25030164 | |
| Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) | Neuromics | PR27022 | |
| Sharp-Pointed Dissecting Scissors | Fisher Scientific | 8940 | May use any brand |
| Dissecting Tissue Forceps | Fisher Scientific | 13-812-41 | May use any brand |
| Cotton-Tipped Applicators | Fisher Scientific | 23-400-101 | May use any brand |
| 250 ml Graduated Glass Beaker | Fisher Scientific | FB-100-250 | May use any brand |
| 2 L Glass Erlenmyer flask | Fisher Scientific | FB-500-2000 | May use any brand |
| Plastic rod (child's paint brush) | Crayola | 05 3516 | May use any brand |
| Carbogen | Airgas | UN 3156 | 5% CO2 |
| 10 ml Leur-lock Syringe | Becton Dickinson | 309604 | May use any brand |
| 21 G x 1 1/2 in. Hypodermic Needle | Becton Dickinson | 305167 | May use any brand |
| Collagenase type 2 | Worthington | LS004174 | |
| Bovine Serum Albumin | American Bioanalytical | AB00440 | |
| 2 ml Microcentrifuge Eppendorf tubes | Fisher Scientific | 13-864-252 | May use any brand |
| Nitrex Mesh 500 µM | Elko Filtering Co | 100560 | May use any brand |
| Pipette Set | Fisher Scientific | 21-377-328 | May use any brand |
| Sharpeining Stone | Fisher Scientific | NC9681212 | May use any brand |
| Equipment | |||
| LabGard ES 425 Biological Safety Cabinet (cell culture hood) | Nuaire | NU-425-400 | May use any brand |
| 10 L Shaking Waterbath | Edvotek | 5027 | May use any brand |
| Microcentrifuge 5417R | Eppendorf | 5417R | May use a single larger centrifuge with size adapters |
| Allegra 6 Series Centrifuge | Beckman Coulter | 366816 | May use any brand |
| HuluMixer Sample Mixer | Invitrogen | 15920D | |
| AutoFlow Water Jacket CO2 Incubator | Nuiare | NU-4750 | May use any brand |
| Analytical Balance Scale | Mettler Toledo | XS104 | May use any brand |
References
- Furness, J. B. The enteric nervous system and neurogastroenterology. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9 (5), 286-294 (2012).
- Gershon, M. D. The enteric nervous system: A second brain. Hosp. Pract. (Minneap). 34 (7), 31-32 (1999).
- Gershon, A. A., Chen, J., Gershon, M. D. A model of lytic, latent, and reactivating varicella-zoster virus infections in isolated enteric neurons. J. Infect. Dis. 197, 61-65 (2008).
- Wakabayashi, K., Mori, F., Tanji, K., Orimo, S., Takahashi, H. Involvement of the peripheral nervous system in synucleinopathies, tauopathies and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies of the brain. Acta. Neuropathol. 120 (1), 1-12 (2010).
- Hirst, G. D., Holman, M. E., Spence, I. Two types of neurones in the myenteric plexus of duodenum in the guinea-pig. J. Physiol. 236 (2), 303-326 (1974).
- Clerc, N., Furness, J. B., Bornstein, J. C., Kunze, W. A. Correlation of electrophysiological and morphological characteristics of myenteric neurons of the duodenum in the guinea-pig. Neuroscience. 82 (3), 899-914 (1998).
- Rugiero, F., et al. Analysis of whole-cell currents by patch clamp of guinea-pig myenteric neurones in intact ganglia. J. Physiol. 538 (Pt. 2), 447-463 (2002).
- Jessen, K. R., Saffrey, M. J., Baluk, P., Hanani, M., Burnstock, G. The enteric nervous system in tissue culture. III. studies on neuronal survival and the retention of biochemical and morphological differentiation. Brain Res. 262 (1), 49-62 (1983).
- Smith, T. H., Grider, J. R., Dewey, W. L., Akbarali, H. I. Morphine decreases enteric neuron excitability via inhibition of sodium channels. PLoS One. 7 (9), e45251 (2012).
- Abdo, H., et al. Enteric glial cells protect neurons from oxidative stress in part via reduced glutathione. FASEB J. 24 (4), 1082-1094 (2010).
- Aube, A. C., et al. Changes in enteric neurone phenotype and intestinal functions in a transgenic mouse model of enteric glia disruption. Gut. 55 (5), 630-637 (2006).
- Bassotti, G., et al. Enteric glial cells and their role in gastrointestinal motor abnormalities: Introducing the neuro-gliopathies. World J. Gastroenterol. 13 (30), 4035-4041 (2007).
- Neal, K. B., Parry, L. J., Bornstein, J. C. Strain-specific genetics, anatomy and function of enteric neural serotonergic pathways in inbred mice. J. Physiol. 587 (Pt. 3), 567-586 (2009).
- Phillips, R. J., Walter, G. C., Powley, T. L. Age-related changes in vagal afferents innervating the gastrointestinal tract. Auton. Neurosci. 153 (1-2), 90-98 (2010).
- Furness, J. B. Types of neurons in the enteric nervous system. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 81 (1-3), 87-96 (2000).
- Gulbransen, B. D., Sharkey, K. A. Novel functional roles for enteric glia in the gastrointestinal tract. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9 (11), 625-632 (2012).
- Pomeranz, H. D., Rothman, T. P., Chalazonitis, A., Tennyson, V. M., Gershon, M. D. Neural crest-derived cells isolated from the gut by immunoselection develop neuronal and glial phenotypes when cultured on laminin. Dev. Biol. 156 (2), 341-361 (1993).
