设计，制造管理的手，和活动感觉测试（急速）
Summary
The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe) is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance, which has been used successfully to identify impaired haptic touch in individuals with stroke. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design, fabrication and administration of the HASTe.
Abstract
The concept of personalizing neurologic rehabilitation, based on individual impairments, has experienced a recent surge. In parallel, the number of outcome measures of upper extremity motor performance has grown. However, clinicians and researchers lack practical, quantitative measures of the hand’s natural role as a receptor of the environment. The Hand Active Sensation Test (HASTe), developed by Williams and colleagues in 2006, is a valid and reliable measure of haptic performance. Though not available commercially, the HASTe can be fabricated from inexpensive materials, and it has been used successfully to identify impairments in haptic touch in individuals with stroke. (Williams, 2006). This paper presents the methods of design and fabrication of the HASTe testing kit, as well as a visual screen to be used during administration, and instructions for the tests administration and scoring.
Introduction
想象一下，一个爱的人的手的感觉。这是老茧或光滑？强或精致？温暖或凉爽？你的握手或十指紧扣持有吗？如果你已经勾起了记忆，它很可能是建立在你使用你的手的运动，征求体感的信息，这就是所谓的触觉触摸，或主动感知能力。能与触觉触摸来确定特征包括大小，形状，重量，质地，表面顺从和温度。触觉受体包括本体感受器，其被发现于皮肤，肌肉，腱和关节，以及皮肤的受体，这两者都手工探索的对象的过程中被激活。不同的手的动作有助于对象特性的测定。例如，多次跨越对象进行横向摩擦运动可能会使纹理特性，或解除对象在手上可以揭示物体的重量。因此，无论是手巧和somatosensation是触觉性能和人类的经验至关重要。
中风后，既体感和运动障碍有助于减弱触觉性能。1卒中后运动障碍是常见的，明确定义的，与中风生还者约70％经历轻瘫的某一水平。1躯体感觉损伤后行程中也很常见，在47-发生89％的个体2-4。研究人员认为，中风后两者皮肤和本体感觉障碍是常见的。对于中风的凯里的体感域，读者可以参考该作品的后果的透彻描述。等，2康奈尔等人，5和Sullivan 4
体感障碍但有助于减少的康复结果，6上肢的协调，7功能和生活质量。8，曲体感障碍，尤其是有源感，的antification是缺乏部分临床实践，由于这一事实，即体感损失少清楚和更难以量化比电动机损伤。已开发量化活性感觉9的措施包括BYL-Chyney -Boczai感官鉴（BCB），10修订诺丁汉感官评价，11的功能触觉物体识别测试（fTORT），12手动表格感知测试（感官信息和现实测试的子集），13的 stereognosis组分和触觉物体识别测试（HORT）。14虽然这些措施，但最近的系统性回顾，试图描述的手臂和手的体感障碍是如何与中风后上肢的问题，得出的结论是临床医生和研究人员目前缺乏有效的，可靠somatosensation测试。15 </SUP>因此，解决的触觉表现临床上有用的参数化和无害措施的可用性是至关重要的。
该手活动感觉测试（急速）的重量和质地歧视的18项比赛对样品测试，最初是由威廉姆斯和他的同事发表于2006年16仓促是触觉触摸的措施，是在触觉障碍敏感中风个人（通过少于13正确匹配表示）。随着急速的目的来衡量触觉感知，作为最小的标准，个人需要的能力，掌握并解除与手和手臂，并按照测试说明。在功能，残疾和健康（ICF）模型，17国际分类急速被认为是活动水平的测量。匆忙需要15-30分钟之间每手测试管理。匆忙的优点包括，它是廉价的，总的材料价格为2015年估计$ 100美元，并容易构造和它的18分制提供有关性能比“完整”或“受损”比较常见的二元特性更高的分辨率。
本文的目的是描述过于匆忙的设计，制造和管理。虽然可以推断测试设置从原来的急速出版物，本文提供了详细的方法用于制造视觉屏幕和一个急速试验试剂盒，在测试过程中都使用。组装所需的设备，以及所需的所有材料的详细列表中列出的材料表中。与管理和得分急速还提供了如下说明单个表：
附录1：急速行政指令和评分表参与者编号#_______ Date_______
硒牛逼向上：座椅试验参与者在一个表（表〜29英寸高，椅座〜18英寸高）与，最初，在桌子上占主导地位的还是少受损上肢休息和下装配可视屏幕放置。在试验期间，保持所有的对象中的数值以保持组织。
示范试验：辖两个示范试验之前得分。提供对象A和B的参与者，并指示他/她比较对象的权重。然后，提供对象A和C的参与，并指示他/她比较对象的纹理。提供反馈信息只为示范试验。
刻划试验：将有18试验得分每端，最大为5分钟允许每个。指示参与者手工探索规定的试验对象（确定在下表中“测试”）与显性或更少受损手，然后前PLORE每三个可能的目标匹配（低于每一次试验箱内编号以其他方式）与此相同的手。可能的比赛将通过重量或质地各不相同，但从来没有由双方在一个试验。根据需要确定一个答案指导学员找到原始对象的匹配，并告诉他/她，他们可以触摸的每个对象多次。不要告知参与者哪个对象属性（纹理或重量），他或她是一个试验中的匹配，不协助手动探索的对象的参与者。用于指示表中的每个试验参与者的最终答案低于盘旋该对象的数量。测试越障上肢参与完成测试与受损较少上肢后。使用下面的表格，通过确定共有每手18试验（按照以下试一箱）正确匹配的数量得分的考验。
口头INSTRuctions与会人：“用一只手先手动探索测试对象。然后，探索每三个可能的匹配，它由重量或质感，但从来没有由双方在一个试验有所不同。找到了比赛。因为你需要确定你的答案，你可以触摸的每个对象多次。会有18试验。你有最多5分钟，使每个试验。“
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
有证据表明，以下中风类似于马达恢复，体感恢复需要任务的专门培训。18,19，20。因此，如果我们的目标是改善手性能作为触觉受体，触觉障碍必须被识别。15量化触觉能力的机会在临床和实验室受到了限制，在一定程度的基础上，有效和可靠的结果的措施的可用性。而大量的中风患者的体感障碍权证必须要以有效和可靠的临床结果的措施，其中识别障碍，并告知个性化的康复方…
Divulgaciones
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
这项工作是通过TL1TR001069奖Borstad博士俄勒冈州立大学的CCTS计划的部分资助。我们要感谢阿梅利亚·西莱斯，百白破，NCS为她宝贵的测量见解和萨拉·亚历山大为她与编辑这篇稿子的最后草案援助。
Materials
| Equipment Needed for Assembly | |||
| Tape measure | To measure lengths of materials | ||
| PVC saw | To cut PVC pieces to appropriate lengths given below | ||
| Scissors | To cut paper, cork and laminating material | ||
| Scale accurate to 0.1 ounce | To determine exact weight of test objects | ||
| Sharpie Permanent Marker | To label test item number and weight | ||
| Visual Screen Materials | Company | Catalog Number | |
| 0.5-inch PVC Pipe (Sch. 40 Plain-End Pipe) | Home Depot | 530048 | 104 inches total, will be cut into four 10-inch and three 20-inch pieces |
| 0.5-inch PVC Tee (Sch. 40 SxSxS Tee) | Home Depot | 406005RMC | Two pieces |
| PVC Elbow (Lasco 0.5-inch Dia 90 degree PVC Sch 40 Side Outlet Elbow) | Home Depot | 413005RMC | Two pieces |
| Pillowcase | One to be hung from the PVC frame as a visual shield | ||
| ACCO Binder Clips, Medium | amazon.com | 72050 | Two to hold the pillowcase to the PVC frame |
| Testing Kit Materials | |||
| 1.5-inch PVC Sch. 40 DWV Plain End Pipe | Home Depot | 531111 | 85 inches total, will be cut into 21 4-inch pieces |
| Quartet Cork Roll, 1/16-inch thick | amazon.com | NA | 1 roll, 24×48 inches, will be cut into 42 4×7-inch pieces to cover all test and example items |
| Oatey all purpose cement for CPVC and PVC | Home Depot | 308213 | 8 ounce can, to use to adhere cork, paper and end caps to PVC test items |
| Avery Self-Adhesive Laminating Roll | amazon.com | 73610 | One 24×600-inch roll, will be cut into six 4×7-inches pieces to cover cork on six test objects |
| Brown Builder's Paper | Home Depot | 35140 | One roll, will be cut into six 4×7-inch pieces to cover cork on six test objects |
| 3M Pro Grade 9 Sandpaper | Home Depot | 25060P-G | One piece 4×7 inches, to use to cover one example item |
| Ranger Glossy Cardstock | amazon.com | NA | One 8.5×11-inch, 10-Pack, white, will be cut into two 4×7-inch pieces to cover example items |
| Marblex-durable self modeling clay in moist form | amaco.com/shop/ | X-242 | One 5-pound package, used to achieve correct weights of test objects |
| Medium density polyethylene packing foam | amazon.com | NA | One foam sheet, 220 poly, charcoal, 2x24x18 inches, to fill the remaining space in test objects after clay has been inserted |
| Knock Out Plug for 1.5-inch PVC | Home Depot | 85000 | 42 caps to seal the ends of the 21 test items |
| Sterilite 6-quart plastic storage box | Home Depot | 16428960 | One to store/transport test objects |
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