Indução e Avaliação da Exertional lesão muscular esquelético em humanos
Summary
This article describes a safe and reliable method to induce and quantify exertional skeletal muscle damage in human subjects.
Abstract
lesão muscular induzida pela contração via (alongamento) contrações voluntárias excêntricos oferece um excelente modelo para o estudo de adaptação e recuperação muscular em seres humanos. Aqui discutimos a concepção de um protocolo de exercício excêntrico para induzir a danos nos músculos do quadríceps, marcadas por mudanças na força, dor, e os níveis de creatina quinase plasmática. Este método é simples, ético e amplamente aplicáveis, uma vez que é realizada em participantes humanos e elimina a interespécies tradução dos resultados. Indivíduos executam 300 contrações excêntricas máximas dos músculos extensores do joelho a uma velocidade de 120 ° / s em um dinamômetro isocinético. A extensão dos danos é mensurável através de medidas isocinéticos e isométricos relativamente não-invasivas de perda de força, dor, e os níveis de creatina quinase plasmática ao longo de vários dias após o exercício. Portanto, a sua aplicação pode ser direcionado para populações específicas, na tentativa de identificar mecanismos para o músculoadaptação e regeneração.
Introduction
The overall goal of this procedure is to induce exertional damage to the quadriceps femoris muscles using voluntary lengthening (eccentric) contractions in human subjects.
Contraction-induced skeletal muscle damage is a common consequence of exercise that is marked by delayed onset muscle soreness1, transient strength loss, and elevated muscle-specific enzymes in the blood2. Exertional muscle damage is most pronounced following exercise to which the subject is unaccustomed, particularly when eccentric contractions are involved3. Exertional muscle damage is typically benign. Soreness subsides, and both serum proteins and strength typically return to pre-damage levels within a few days to weeks after the damaging insult. In extreme cases, exertional muscle damage can lead to a life-threatening syndrome know as rhabdomyolysis. However, exertional muscle damage is usually insufficient to cause clinical rhabdomyolysis in healthy individuals4 in the absence of compounding factors including heat stress, dehydration5, infection6 or rare genetic predispositions7.
Contraction-induced muscle damage is typically less severe than toxin-induced or freezing-induced injury, methods often used in rodent studies8,9. Yet, contraction-induced injury provides a useful method to study the muscle damage response with notable advantages. First, it is a safe and ethical method for use with human subjects1-3. Thus, interspecies translation of the results is not needed as data can be obtained directly from human subjects. Moreover, translating data obtained from rodent studies is very difficult given that the severity of injury seen in the rodent injury models exceeds the level of damage that would be ethical to induce in human subjects. Second, contraction-induced damage is commonly experienced and a natural process of exercise. Therefore, this mode of damage induction is useful for studying muscle damage in the context of exercise, adaptation to exercise as well as overt muscle injury. Here we describe a safe and reliable method to induce and evaluate skeletal muscle damage using lengthening contractions in humans.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Vários passos são fundamentais para a obtenção dos resultados desejados do presente protocolo. Em primeiro lugar, os indivíduos devem ser adequadamente familiarizado com os protocolos contração, particularmente as medições de força. Certifique-se de que o sujeito entende exatamente o que eles são esperados para fazer e dar-lhes uma oportunidade de praticar os testes de resistência antes da coleta de dados. Indivíduos que não estejam adequadamente familiarizados com estes procedimentos podem mostrar uma cur…
Divulgaciones
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors have no acknowledgements.
Materials
| Biodex Dynomometer | Biodex Medical Systems | 850-000 | Other models are available and should produce similar results |
| Creatine Kinase kit | Sigma-Aldrich | MAK116 | |
| Serum Vacutainers | BD Bioscience | 367812 | |
| Winged safety push button blood collection set | BD Bioscience | 367338 | |
| Cryogenic vials | Sigma-Aldrich | V5007 | We use the 2mL vials to store serum aliquots |
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