Inducción y evaluación de daños de esfuerzo del músculo esquelético en seres humanos
Summary
This article describes a safe and reliable method to induce and quantify exertional skeletal muscle damage in human subjects.
Abstract
el daño del músculo de contracción inducida por medio de contracciones voluntarias excéntricos (alargamiento) ofrece un excelente modelo para el estudio de la adaptación muscular y la recuperación en los seres humanos. En este documento se discute el diseño de un protocolo de ejercicio excéntrico para inducir daño en los músculos cuádriceps, marcados por los cambios en la fuerza, el dolor, y los niveles plasmáticos de creatina quinasa. Este método es sencillo, ético y ampliamente aplicable, ya que se lleva a cabo en los participantes humanos y elimina la traducción entre especies de los resultados. Los sujetos realizan 300 contracciones excéntricas máximas de los músculos extensores de la rodilla a una velocidad de 120 ° / seg en un dinamómetro isocinético. La magnitud de los daños se puede medir usando medidas isocinéticos e isométricas relativamente no invasivos de la pérdida de fuerza, dolor, y los niveles de creatina quinasa en plasma durante varios días tras el ejercicio. Por lo tanto, su aplicación puede ser dirigido a poblaciones específicas en un intento de identificar los mecanismos para el músculola adaptación y la regeneración.
Introduction
The overall goal of this procedure is to induce exertional damage to the quadriceps femoris muscles using voluntary lengthening (eccentric) contractions in human subjects.
Contraction-induced skeletal muscle damage is a common consequence of exercise that is marked by delayed onset muscle soreness1, transient strength loss, and elevated muscle-specific enzymes in the blood2. Exertional muscle damage is most pronounced following exercise to which the subject is unaccustomed, particularly when eccentric contractions are involved3. Exertional muscle damage is typically benign. Soreness subsides, and both serum proteins and strength typically return to pre-damage levels within a few days to weeks after the damaging insult. In extreme cases, exertional muscle damage can lead to a life-threatening syndrome know as rhabdomyolysis. However, exertional muscle damage is usually insufficient to cause clinical rhabdomyolysis in healthy individuals4 in the absence of compounding factors including heat stress, dehydration5, infection6 or rare genetic predispositions7.
Contraction-induced muscle damage is typically less severe than toxin-induced or freezing-induced injury, methods often used in rodent studies8,9. Yet, contraction-induced injury provides a useful method to study the muscle damage response with notable advantages. First, it is a safe and ethical method for use with human subjects1-3. Thus, interspecies translation of the results is not needed as data can be obtained directly from human subjects. Moreover, translating data obtained from rodent studies is very difficult given that the severity of injury seen in the rodent injury models exceeds the level of damage that would be ethical to induce in human subjects. Second, contraction-induced damage is commonly experienced and a natural process of exercise. Therefore, this mode of damage induction is useful for studying muscle damage in the context of exercise, adaptation to exercise as well as overt muscle injury. Here we describe a safe and reliable method to induce and evaluate skeletal muscle damage using lengthening contractions in humans.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Varios pasos son fundamentales para la obtención de los resultados deseados de este protocolo. En primer lugar, los sujetos deben estar familiarizados adecuadamente a los protocolos de contracción, en particular las medidas de fuerza. Asegúrese de que el sujeto entiende exactamente lo que se espera de ellos y darles la oportunidad de practicar las pruebas de resistencia antes de la recogida de datos. Los sujetos que no están familiarizados con estos procedimientos de manera adecuada pueden mostrar una curva de apren…
Divulgaciones
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors have no acknowledgements.
Materials
| Biodex Dynomometer | Biodex Medical Systems | 850-000 | Other models are available and should produce similar results |
| Creatine Kinase kit | Sigma-Aldrich | MAK116 | |
| Serum Vacutainers | BD Bioscience | 367812 | |
| Winged safety push button blood collection set | BD Bioscience | 367338 | |
| Cryogenic vials | Sigma-Aldrich | V5007 | We use the 2mL vials to store serum aliquots |
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