使磁共振成像儿戏 - 小儿神经影像学的协议，指引及程序
Summary
尽管在结构和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）技术，在人类使用的增加，年轻的儿科人群的研究仍然是一个挑战。我们目前的一个动手，一步一步的视频协议包括为临床医师和研究人员打算执行（F）在幼儿MRI的指导方针。
Abstract
在过去十年中一直存在，增加使用的结构和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来研究人类感知，认知和行为的神经基础<sup> 1，2</sup>。此外，这种非侵入性的成像方法已发展成为临床医生和研究人员的工具，探索典型和非典型的大脑发育。虽然在神经影像学的工具和技术的进步是显而易见的，（F）在年轻的儿科人口MRI仍然相对较少<sup> 2</sup>。成像儿童目前临床医生和研究团队，与一个独特的问题时的实际以及技术的挑战<sup> 3，2</sup>。仅举几例，孩子的参与者面临的挑战是由动机，警觉性和合作的需要。焦虑可能是要解决的一个额外因素。研究人员或医生需要考虑时间的限制，限制行动自由，扫描仪的背景噪声和不熟悉的磁共振扫描仪环境<sup> 2,4-10</sup>。然而，一个年轻的年龄组中的功能和结构的神经影像学的逐步使用，可以进一步增加我们理解大脑发育。作为一个例子，几个研究小组目前正在对发育障碍的早期发现，甚至可能前儿童目前相关的行为特征<sup> eg11</sup>。已报道的各种战略和技术作为一种手段，以确保在神经影像学会议对幼儿的舒适性和合作。游戏治疗<sup> 12</sup>，行为方式<sup> 13，14,15，16日至18日</sup>与仿真<sup> 19</sup>，使用模拟扫描仪领域<sup> 20,21</sup>，基本放松<sup> 22</sup>和这些技术的结合<sup> 23</sup>都被证明提高参与者的遵守，因此，MRI检查数据的质量。更重要的是，这些策略已经证明，以增加舒适性和涉及儿童的家庭<sup> 12</sup>。在临床实践中的这种技术的主要进展之一是避免镇静或全身麻醉（GA）作为一种方法来管理在儿童遵守磁共振成像会话的可能性<sup> 19,20</sup>。在当前的视频报告，我们目前的准则和程序，已被证明是成功的幼童日期小儿神经影像学协议。
Protocol
我们纳入一个完整的神经影像学协议，旨在指导与年仅4岁的清醒的儿童在神经影像学会议的研究人员和临床医生一般实验测试准则，以及MRI 检查的具体办法12-23。首先，我们的目标是强调一般测试适应MRI检查的指导方针。第二，我们提供了一个动手，我们的神经影像学协议一步一步的说明。在我们的经验，大约2.5小时的单的会议（包括45-60分钟的最大成像时间），是足够的培训和指导孩?…
Discussion
研究典型非典型的大脑结构和功能以及功能和结构的磁共振成像研究人类大脑的出现提供了便利的可能性，并因此认为大有希望的研究和临床用途6。然而，年轻的年龄组的MRI研究仍然为数较少的时候相比，成人，青少年或婴幼儿，这主要是由于技术和实际困难的执行小儿神经影像学会议时。目前的视频协议动手解决可能阻止执行幼童（F）的磁共振成像实验研究小组的?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
我们感谢参加在波士顿儿童医院（CHB）的儿童和家庭，所有的工作人员，特别要感谢的MRI技术人员，没有他们，我们的研究无法进行。我们特别感谢参与阿诺德CYR和帮助我们的影片拍摄期间和运营经理帕特里夏迪瓦恩在慢性乙型肝炎沃尔瑟姆。在麻省理工学院的Athinoula A. Martinos影像中心在MR图像采集和分析，交流经验的研究和技术人员表示感谢。
这项研究是由查尔斯H.胡德基金会，波士顿儿童医院的试点授予和瑞士国家基金会（核磁共振）
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Cite This Article
Raschle, N. M., Lee, M., Buechler, R., Christodoulou, J. A., Chang, M., Vakil, M., Stering, P. L., Gaab, N. Making MR Imaging Child’s Play – Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure. J. Vis. Exp. (29), e1309, doi:10.3791/1309 (2009).