एक विशिष्ट कार्यात्मक आंतरिक सिग्नल के संयोजन से neocortex माइक्रो डोमेन और दो photon इमेजिंग में न्यूरॉन्स की लक्षित लेबल
Summary
फ्लोरोसेंट रंगों के साथ पूर्व निर्धारित neocortex के कार्यात्मक सूक्ष्म डोमेन में न्यूरॉन्स लेबलिंग के लिए एक विधि वर्णित है. पहले, आंतरिक संकेत ऑप्टिकल इमेजिंग के लिए एक कार्यात्मक नक्शा प्राप्त करने के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है. फिर दो photon माइक्रोस्कोपी नक्शे के एक डोमेन सूक्ष्म के भीतर लेबल और छवि न्यूरॉन्स के लिए प्रयोग किया जाता है.
Abstract
In the primary visual cortex of non-rodent mammals, neurons are clustered according to their preference for stimulus features such as orientation1-4, direction5-7, ocular dominance8,9 and binocular disparity9. Orientation selectivity is the most widely studied feature and a continuous map with a quasi-periodic layout for preferred orientation is present across the entire primary visual cortex10,11. Integrating the synaptic, cellular and network contributions that lead to stimulus selective responses in these functional maps requires the hybridization of imaging techniques that span sub-micron to millimeter spatial scales. With conventional intrinsic signal optical imaging, the overall layout of functional maps across the entire surface of the visual cortex can be determined12. The development of in vivo two-photon microscopy using calcium sensitive dyes enables one to determine the synaptic input arriving at individual dendritic spines13 or record activity simultaneously from hundreds of individual neuronal cell bodies6,14. Consequently, combining intrinsic signal imaging with the sub-micron spatial resolution of two-photon microscopy offers the possibility of determining exactly which dendritic segments and cells contribute to the micro-domain of any functional map in the neocortex. Here we demonstrate a high-yield method for rapidly obtaining a cortical orientation map and targeting a specific micro-domain in this functional map for labeling neurons with fluorescent dyes in a non-rodent mammal. With the same microscope used for two-photon imaging, we first generate an orientation map using intrinsic signal optical imaging. Then we show how to target a micro-domain of interest using a micropipette loaded with dye to either label a population of neuronal cell bodies or label a single neuron such that dendrites, spines and axons are visible in vivo. Our refinements over previous methods facilitate an examination of neuronal structure-function relationships with sub-cellular resolution in the framework of neocortical functional architectures.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Neuronal सेल निकायों (या dendrites और axons) पूर्व निर्धारित neocortex के कार्यात्मक सूक्ष्म डोमेन में लेबलिंग को लक्षित करने के लिए एक तरीका मौजूद है. दो photon माइक्रोस्कोपी के साथ आंतरिक संकेत ऑप्टिकल इमेजिंग विलय का निर्ध?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
चित्रा 5A में दिखाया dendrites अनुरेखण के लिए अनुग्रह डायोन, यह काम राष्ट्रीय नेत्र संस्थान R01EY017925 और R21EY020985 और दाना और व्हाइटहॉल मूलाधार से पीके के लिए धन हम भी शल्यचिकित्सा की प्रक्रियाओं के साथ सहायता के लिए धन्यवाद मैथ्यू Petrella से अनुदान द्वारा समर्थित किया गया और प्रतीक के लिए Chhatbar पांडुलिपि पर टिप्पणी.
Materials
| Name of Reagent/Material | Company | Catalogue Number | Comments | ||||||
| 1. Life support/experiment prep | |||||||||
| Isoflurane | Webster Vet | NDC 57319-474-05 | |||||||
| Isoflurane vaporizer | Midmark | VIP 3000 | |||||||
| Feedback regulated heating blanket | Harvard Apparatus | 50-7079F | |||||||
| ECG monitor | Digicare Biomedical | LifeWindow Lite | |||||||
| EEG amplifier | A-M Systems | 1800 | |||||||
| EEG display monitor | Hewlett Packard | 78304A | |||||||
| End tidal CO2 monitor | Respironics | Novametrix Capnoguard 1265 | Optimize ventilation | ||||||
| Carbide drill burrs for drilling bone | Henry Schein | fine (0.5 mm tip) and coarse (1.25 mm tip) | |||||||
| Cement for headplate/chamber | Dentsply | 675571, 675572 | |||||||
| Black Powder Tempera Paint | Sargent Art Inc. | 22-7185 | Add to cement to improve light shielding and reduce reflections | ||||||
| Agarose – Type III-A | Sigma | A9793 | For minimizing pulsations during intrinsic signal and two-photon imaging | ||||||
| Coverglass: 5 or 8 mm diameter, 0.17 mm thickness | World Precision Instruments | 502040, 502041 | For minimizing pulsations during imaging, the coverglass may be cut as needed | ||||||
| Brudon curettes | George Tiemann | 105-715-0, 105-715-3 | Cleaning skull surface | ||||||
| Bone wax | Ethicon | W31G | Quickly stop bleeding | ||||||
| Cotton Tipped Applicator | Electron Microscopy Sciences | 72308-05 | Clean and dry bone surface | ||||||
| Dumont #5CO Forceps | Fine Science Tools | 11295-20 | Grab individual layers of dura or pia | ||||||
| Vannas Spring Scissors | Fine Science Tools | 15000-03 | Cut dura | ||||||
| Gelfoam | Pfizer | 09-0396-05 | To stop bleeding on the dura | ||||||
| Absorption spears | Fine Science Tools | 18105-01 | Ultra-fast and lint-free wicking of CSF | ||||||
| Blackout material | Thorlabs | BK5 | Shield craniotomy | ||||||
| 2. Dye preparation / injection | |||||||||
| Dimethyl Sulphoxide (DMSO) | Sigma | D2650 | |||||||
| Pluronic | Sigma | P2443 | |||||||
| Oregon Green 488 Bapta-1 AM | Invitrogen | O6807 | Calcium indicator | ||||||
| Alexa Fluor 594 | Invitrogen | A10438 | |||||||
| Centrifugal filter (0.45 μm pore size) | Millipore | UFC30HV00 | To remove impurities before injection | ||||||
| Glass pipette puller | Sutter Instruments | P97 | |||||||
| Borosilicate glass filamented capillary (1.5 mm outer diameter) | World Precision Instruments | 1B150F-4 | Dye ejection pipette | ||||||
| Microloader | Eppendorf | 5242 956 003 | For loading dye into pipette | ||||||
| Micromanipulator | Sutter Instruments | MP-285 | To position pipette | ||||||
| Pressure pulse controller | Parker Hannifin | PicoSpritzer III | For pressure injection of the dye | ||||||
| Single-cell electroporator | Molecular Devices | Axoporator 800A | For electroporation of the dye | ||||||
| 3. Intrinsic imaging | |||||||||
| 4x Objective (0.13 NA, 17 mm WD) | Olympus | UPLFLN4X | |||||||
| Intrinsic hardware / software | Optical Imaging Inc. | Imager 3001 / VDAQ | VDAQ software is used for episodic imaging | ||||||
| CCD Camera | Adimec | Adimec-1000 | |||||||
| Light source power supply | KEPCO | ATE 15-15M | |||||||
| Light source | Optical Imaging Inc. | HAL 100 | Light intensity at the cortical surface is 3-5 mW | ||||||
| Green filter (for vascular image) | Optical Imaging Inc. | λ = 546 nm (bandpass 30 nm) | For reference image of surface vasculature | ||||||
| Red filter (for intrinsic signal) | Optical Imaging Inc. | λ = 630 nm (bandpass 30 nm) | To collect intrinsic signals | ||||||
| Heat filter | Optical Imaging Inc. | KG-1 | |||||||
| 4. Two-photon rig/imaging | |||||||||
| Two-photon microscope and software | Prairie Technologies | See Shen et al. 2012 for light path, filters and laser power | |||||||
| Ti:Sapphire laser | Spectra-Physics | Mai Tai XF | |||||||
| 20x (0.5 NA; 3.5 mm WD) | Olympus | UMPLFLN20X | 0.5 NA objective is used only for aligning pipette over the craniotomy (not for two photon imaging) | ||||||
| 20x (1.0 NA; 2.0 mm WD) | Olympus | XLUMPLFLN20X | |||||||
| 40x (0.8 NA; 3.3 mm WD) | Olympus | LUMPLFLN40X/IR | |||||||
| Air table | Newport | ST-200 | Isolates preparation from external vibrations | ||||||
| xy stage | Mike’s Machine Co. (Attleboro, MA) | Experimental subject and Sutter micromanipulator placed on xy stage | |||||||
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