ट्यूमर सेल आक्रमण पर बीचवाला द्रव प्रवाह के प्रभाव को मापने के लिए तीन आयामी सेल संस्कृति मॉडल
Summary
मध्य द्रव का प्रवाह ठोस ट्यूमर में ऊपर उठाया है और ट्यूमर सेल आक्रमण मिलाना कर सकते हैं. यहाँ हम एक मध्य द्रव का प्रवाह एक मैट्रिक्स में एम्बेडेड कोशिकाओं को लागू करते हैं और फिर सेल आक्रमण पर इसके प्रभाव को मापने की तकनीक का वर्णन करता है. इस तकनीक को आसानी से अन्य प्रणालियों का अध्ययन करने के लिए अनुकूलित कर सकते हैं.
Abstract
The growth and progression of most solid tumors depend on the initial transformation of the cancer cells and their response to stroma-associated signaling in the tumor microenvironment 1. Previously, research on the tumor microenvironment has focused primarily on tumor-stromal interactions 1-2. However, the tumor microenvironment also includes a variety of biophysical forces, whose effects remain poorly understood. These forces are biomechanical consequences of tumor growth that lead to changes in gene expression, cell division, differentiation and invasion3. Matrix density 4, stiffness 5-6, and structure 6-7, interstitial fluid pressure 8, and interstitial fluid flow 8 are all altered during cancer progression.
Interstitial fluid flow in particular is higher in tumors compared to normal tissues 8-10. The estimated interstitial fluid flow velocities were measured and found to be in the range of 0.1-3 μm s-1, depending on tumor size and differentiation 9, 11. This is due to elevated interstitial fluid pressure caused by tumor-induced angiogenesis and increased vascular permeability 12. Interstitial fluid flow has been shown to increase invasion of cancer cells 13-14, vascular fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells 15. This invasion may be due to autologous chemotactic gradients created around cells in 3-D 16 or increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression 15, chemokine secretion and cell adhesion molecule expression 17. However, the mechanism by which cells sense fluid flow is not well understood. In addition to altering tumor cell behavior, interstitial fluid flow modulates the activity of other cells in the tumor microenvironment. It is associated with (a) driving differentiation of fibroblasts into tumor-promoting myofibroblasts 18, (b) transporting of antigens and other soluble factors to lymph nodes 19, and (c) modulating lymphatic endothelial cell morphogenesis 20.
The technique presented here imposes interstitial fluid flow on cells in vitro and quantifies its effects on invasion (Figure 1). This method has been published in multiple studies to measure the effects of fluid flow on stromal and cancer cell invasion 13-15, 17. By changing the matrix composition, cell type, and cell concentration, this method can be applied to other diseases and physiological systems to study the effects of interstitial flow on cellular processes such as invasion, differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression.
Protocol
Discussion
यहाँ हम ट्यूमर सेल आक्रमण पर बीचवाला प्रवाह के प्रभाव को बढ़ाता है, एक सेल संस्कृति डालने के भीतर एक 3 डी मैट्रिक्स में एम्बेडेड कोशिकाओं का उपयोग करने के लिए एक पद्धति का वर्णन किया है. यह और इसी तरह के त…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Materials
| Name of the reagent | Company | Catalogue number | Comments |
| Collagen (Rat Tail) | BD | 354236 | Keep sterile |
| Millicell cell culture insert | Millipore | PI8P01250 | 8 μm pore diameter, polycarbonate membrane |
| Matrigel | BD | 354234 | Keep sterile |
| PBS | Sigma Aldrich | 100M-8202 | 10x for preparing gel solution, 1x for washing steps |
| Sodium Hydroxide, 1.0N Solution | Sigma Aldrich | S2770 | Keep sterile |
| DMEM 1X | CellGro | 10-013-CV | Keep sterile |
| Fetal Bovine Serum | Atlanta Biologicals | 511150 | Keep sterile |
| Penicillin Streptomycin | CellGro | 30002CI | Keep sterile |
| Triton X-100 | Sigma Aldrich | X100-500 ml | 0.5% in PBS |
| Paraformaldehyde | Fisher Scientific | 04042-500 | 4% in PBS |
| Deionized Water | Keep sterile | ||
| 4′,6-diaminido-2-phenylindole (DAPI) | MP Biomedicals | 0215757401 | 1 mg/ml stock solution |
| Mounting Solution | Thermo Scientific | TA-030-FM | |
| Trypsin-EDTA | CellGro | 25-052-CI | Keep sterile |
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