Summary

人体神经细胞在体外热的化学和分子分析的生物粒子微阵列

Published: February 16, 2020
doi:

Summary

该协议生成生物粒子微阵列,提供空间控制的嗜中性粒细胞群。它便于接触嗜中性粒细胞在迁移过程中释放的介质,并允许定量成像分析。

Abstract

中性粒细胞群是一个合作的过程,通过它,嗜中性粒细胞封闭一个感染部位,并促进组织重组。在动物模型中,在动物模型中对蜂拥性进行了经典的研究,显示了细胞迁移的特征模式。然而,在体内模型有几个限制,包括细胞间介质难以访问和分析,以及无法直接分析人类嗜中性粒细胞。由于这些限制,需要一个体外平台,研究蜂拥与人类嗜中性粒细胞,并提供容易访问在蜂群生成分子信号。在这里,一个多步骤的微冲过程用于生成生物粒子微阵列,通过模仿体内感染来刺激蜂群。生物粒子微阵列以可控、稳定的方式诱导嗜中性粒细胞成群。在微阵列上,嗜中性粒细胞在生物粒子簇周围增加速度并形成稳定的群。此外,对嗜中性粒细胞产生的上清液进行了分析,发现16种蛋白质在蜂群过程中表达得不同。这个体外蜂群平台有助于以可重复的空间控制方式直接分析中性粒细胞迁移和蛋白质释放。

Introduction

中性粒细胞,血流中最丰富的白细胞1,正在获得关注作为潜在的诊断和治疗目标2,3,因为他们可能涉及各种医疗条件,包括痛带4,败血症3,创伤5,6,癌症1,7,8和各种自身免疫性疾病5,9。中性粒细胞群是一个多阶段,严格监管的过程,其复杂性使它成为研究5,10,11特别有趣的焦点。在蜂拥而至期间,嗜中性粒细胞从周围的健康组织5、10、11分离出炎症部位。正确调节嗜中性粒细胞蜂群对于促进伤口愈合并最终解决炎症决议5,12是必要的。中性粒细胞群主要研究啮齿动物12,13,14,15和斑马鱼10,11,12,15模型在体内。然而,这些体内动物模型的性质引起限制5。例如,在蜂群中由嗜中性粒细胞释放的介质不容易被分析5。此外,在体内有许多潜在的中介,因此体内实验必须引入基因缺陷来抑制细胞生产和/或相互作用,以调查该中介在给定过程中的作用13。体外实验通过启用中性粒细胞观察来规避这种并发症,而无需额外的细胞上下文。此外,描述人类中性粒细胞协调迁移的研究也有限在体外蜂群平台上,可以直接分析人类嗜中性粒细胞。体外蜂群平台可以通过提供机会来填补体内研究的局限性所留下的空白,从而扩大从体内研究中获得的知识。

为了满足对模仿体内嗜中性粒细胞群的体外平台的需求,我们开发了一个微冲压平台,使我们能够以空间控制的方式对生物粒子微阵列进行阵列,以刺激嗜中性粒细胞蜂群。我们分两步在玻璃玻片上生成生物粒子微阵列。首先,我们使用微冲压来生成阳离子聚电解质 (CP) 位微阵列。其次,我们添加通过静电相互作用粘附在CP点的生物粒子溶液。通过首先对CP层进行图案化,我们可以有选择地对带负电荷的生物粒子进行模式化,以生成所需的中性粒细胞蜂群模式。带正电荷的层通过剧烈的洗涤步骤将生物粒子从玻璃滑道上没有CP的区域移除。 此外,这里使用的CP,丙烯酰胺和四元阳离子单体的共聚物,具有生物相容性,因此不会引起中性粒细胞的反应。它具有非常高的表面电荷,使微米大小的生物颗粒固定到玻璃滑动,从而阻止嗜中性粒从玻璃滑轨上的图案位置去除颗粒。这导致生物粒子簇排列在微阵列中。当我们在微阵列中加入嗜中性粒细胞时,它们在生物粒子簇周围形成了稳定的群。通过跟踪中性粒细胞迁移,我们发现成群的中性粒细胞会主动向生物粒子簇迁移。此外,我们利用这个平台分析中性粒细胞在蜂拥过程中释放的某些介质。我们发现16个调解员在蜂拥而至时表达不同。随着时间的推移,它们的浓度遵循三个总趋势:增加、减少或峰值。我们的体外中性粒细胞蜂群平台有助于分析空间控制的人类嗜中性粒细胞蜂群,以及收集和分析由嗜中性粒细胞蜂群释放的介质。在以前的出版物中,我们证明了患有某些医疗条件(创伤、自身免疫性疾病和败血症)的患者,其功能与健康捐赠者不同。在未来的研究中,我们的平台可用于分析各种患者群体中的中性粒细胞功能。该平台可以定量分析中性粒细胞群中涉及的复杂协调。可以进行其他研究,以深入了解特定患者群体的嗜中性粒细胞功能或对感兴趣的病原体的嗜中性粒细胞反应。

Protocol

作者感谢健康的志愿者谁亲切地献血。根据俄亥俄州立大学生物医学科学委员会审查的机构审查委员会(IRB)协议#2018H0268知情的志愿者同意后,获得血液标本。 1. 生物粒子微阵列的微观制造 使用标准光刻程序,生成主硅晶圆。 使用计算机辅助设计 (CAD) 软件生成所需设计的证明,然后发送给照片蒙版制造商以生成镀铬照片蒙版。此处采用的设计是 4 mm x 4 mm ?…

Representative Results

当中性粒细胞添加到生物粒子微阵列中时,接触生物粒子簇的嗜中性粒细胞被激活并启动聚集反应。生物粒子微阵列使用延时荧光显微镜进行验证,以跟踪中性粒细胞向生物粒子簇的迁移(视频S1)。单个嗜中性粒细胞核在向生物粒子簇迁移时被跟踪。当嗜中性粒细胞到达生物粒子簇时,其核与星团中的其他核重叠。因此,无法使用此方法准确跟踪群集中的嗜中性粒细胞。日莫桑和<em…

Discussion

我们开发了一个微冲压平台,以生成统一的生物粒子阵列,以刺激体外嗜中性粒细胞蜂群。我们的平台的体外性质使我们能够避免在体内蜂群实验产生的并发症,即分析由蜂群嗜中性粒细胞5释放的中介物的能力差。此外,体内模型通常在啮齿动物11,12,13,15,22,23</sup…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

这项工作得到了威廉·劳里化学和生物分子工程系以及俄亥俄州立大学综合癌症中心的资助。本报告中提供的数据来自使用俄亥俄州立大学校园显微镜和成像设施提供的 Imaris x64(ver. 9.3.0 Bit 平面)处理的图像。该设施部分由国家癌症研究所P30 CA016058资助,贝塞斯达,医学博士。

Materials

"The Big Easy" EasySep Magnet STEMCELL Technologies 18001 Magnet to use with neutrophil isolation kit
Cell Incubator Okolab 777057437 / 77057343 Okolab cage incubator for temperature and CO2 control
EasySep Human Neutrophil Isolation Kit STEMCELL Technologies 17957 Kit for immunomagnetic negative selection of human neutrophils
Eclipse Ti2 Nikon Instruments MEA54010 / MEF55037 Inverted research microscope
Escherichia coli (K-12 strain) BioParticles Texas Red conjugate Invitrogen E2863 Bioparticle powder, dissolve in water prior to addition to Zetag® array
Harris Uni-Core 8-mm biopsy punch Sigma Aldrich Z708925 To cut PDMS stamps
HetaSep STEMCELL Technologies 7906 Erythrocyte aggregation agent for separating buffy coat from red blood cells in fresh human blood
Hoechst 33342 Life Technologies H3570 Nucleus fluorescent stain
Human L1000 Array Raybiotech Inc. AAH-BLG-1000-4 High density array to detect 1000 human proteins
Human Serum Albumin (HSA) Sigma Aldrich A5843 Low endotoxin HSA, to prepare 2 % solutions in IMDM for isolated neutrophils
Iscove's Modified Dulbeccos' Medium (IMDM) Thermo Fisher Scientific 12440053 To resuspend isolated neutrophils
K2-EDTA tubes Thermo Fisher Scientific 02-657-32 Tubes for blood collection
Low Reflective Chrome Photomask Front Range Photomask N/A Dimensions 5" x 5" x 0.09" (L x W x D)
Microarray Scanner Perkin Elmer ASCNGX00 Fluorescence reader of protein patterned microdomains
Microscopy Image Analsysis Software – Imaris Bitplane 9.3.0 Software for automatic cell tracking analysis
NiS Elements Advanced Research Software Package Nikon Instruments MQS31100 Software for automatic live cell imaging and swarm size calculation
Poly-L-lysine fluorescein isothiocyanate (PLL-FITC) Sigma Aldrich P3069-10MG 30,000 – 70,000 MW PLL labeled with FITC, used to fluorescently label CP solution
SecureSeal 8-well Imaging Spacer Grace Bio-Labs 654008 8-well, 9-mm diameter, adhesive imaging spacer
Silicon Wafer University Wafer 590 Silicon 100 mm N/P (100) 0- 100 ohm-cm 500 μm SSP test
Spin Coater Laurell WS-650MZ-23NPPB Used to spincoat a 40-µm layer of photoresist onto silicon wafer
SU-8 2025 MicroChem 2025 Negative photoresist to make silicon master wafer
SU-8 Developer MicroChem Y020100 Photoresist developer. Remove non-crosslinked SU-8 2025 from silicon wafer
Sylgard 184 (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) Dow 1673921 2-part silicone elastomer kit for making microstamps and PDMS wells
UV Exposure Masking System Kloé UV-KUB 2 Used to crosslink photoresist on silicon wafer through chrome mask with UV light
Water Thermo Fisher Scientific A1287303 High quality water to dilute bioparticles
Zetag 8185 BASF 8185 Cationic polyelectrolyte (CP), powder, Copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized cationic monomer, forms "inking solution" for microstamping when dissolved in water
Zymosan A S. cerevisiae BioParticles Texas Red conjugate Invitrogen Z2843 Bioparticle powder, dissolve in water prior to addition to Zetag array

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Cite This Article
Walters, N., Reátegui, E. Bioparticle Microarrays for Chemotactic and Molecular Analysis of Human Neutrophil Swarming in vitro. J. Vis. Exp. (156), e60544, doi:10.3791/60544 (2020).

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