Summary

富血小板血浆裂解物用于治疗眼表疾病

Published: August 02, 2022
doi:

Summary

血小板裂解物是治疗眼表疾病的新兴工具。在这里,我们提出了一种从血小板供体收集的血小板裂解物的制备,分配,储存和表征的方法。

Abstract

各种眼表疾病用血液来源的眼药水治疗。它们的使用已被引入临床实践,因为它们的代谢物和生长因子含量,可促进眼表再生。血液滴眼液可以由不同的来源(即全血或血小板单采捐献)以及不同的方案(例如,不同的稀释液和冻融循环)制备。这种可变性阻碍了临床方案的标准化,从而阻碍了对其临床疗效的评估。详细说明和分享方法程序可能有助于确定共同准则。在过去的几年中,同种异体产品作为自体治疗的替代品一直在扩散,因为它们保证了更高的疗效标准;其中,富血小板血浆裂解物(PRP-L)滴眼液是通过简单的制造程序制备的。在意大利雷焦艾米利亚的AUSL-IRCCS的输血医学部门,PRP-L是通过血小板单采捐赠获得的。本品最初在0.9%NaCl中稀释至0.3 x 10 9血小板/mL(从平均浓度1 x 109血小板/mL开始)。稀释的血小板被冷冻/解冻,然后离心以消除碎片。将最终体积分成 1.45 mL 等分试样并储存在 −80 °C。 在分配给患者之前,对眼药水进行无菌测试。患者可将血小板裂解物在-15°C下储存长达1个月。生长因子组成也从随机选择的等分试样中评估,并在此处报告平均值。

Introduction

血液衍生产品广泛用于伤口护理1、颌面和骨科手术,以及治疗不同的眼表疾病2,如干眼病(DED)3。在DED中,泪膜稳态由于泪液产生和眼表完整性所涉及的不同因素的异常功能而受损45

DED的特征是病因和严重程度678的异质性,可能是不同因素的结果,如衰老,性别9,隐形眼镜,局部或全身药物10或干燥综合征10等预先存在的疾病。尽管症状轻微,但DED影响了全世界数百万人,影响了他们的生活质量和卫生系统6

已经报道了许多针对这种病理的治疗方法,但对于最有效的解决方案仍未达成共识12。迄今为止,人工泪液是旨在恢复泪膜水成分的第一线治疗,尽管这些替代品不含天然泪液的主要生物活性溶质611。基于血小板的产品被认为是人工泪液的有效替代品1213,尽管它们的临床疗效使用建议和制备方法仍然是一个有争议的问题3

血液产品在代谢物14、蛋白质、脂质、维生素、离子、生长因子(GFs)、抗氧化化合物11和渗透压(300 mOsm/L)11方面与泪液具有相似的成分。通过其组分的协同活性,它们促进角膜上皮的再生,抑制炎性细胞因子的释放,并增加杯状细胞的数量和结膜中粘蛋白的表达23

到目前为止,文献中已经记录了眼科血液制品的异质性;这些产品可以根据献血者的来源(即自体或同种异体)以及血液来源(即外周血、脐带血、血清或血小板)进行分类。

尽管自体产品是最普遍的3,但同种异体产品现在已成为首选,因为它们确保了更高的功效和安全性标准15,同时显着降低了成本1617。事实上,先前的研究证明,从自身免疫和/或全身性疾病患者获得的血液产品可能会显示出改变的质量和功能61617。尽管基于血清的滴眼液是最普遍的,但基于血小板的产品最近被确认为一种有效的替代品,因为它们可以很容易地制备,同时保持显着的功效水平311。目前可用的基于血小板的产品可分为富血小板血浆(PRP),富血小板血浆裂解物(PRP-L)和富含生长因子的血浆(PRGF)3

其中,PRP-L具有长寿命冷冻产品的优点。PRP-L可以由单采术,血沉棕黄层甚至过期血小板(PLT)制备1819从而大大减少其浪费。等分试样可以在-80°C的输血中心储存数月,甚至可以在-15°C的患者家中储存较短的时间。

PRP-L富含GFs,已被证明可以刺激眼表再生122021。然而,该领域只有很少的临床研究报道,并且所有研究都使用自体来源322。PRP-L在常规用于治疗眼表疾病之前仍需要进一步的验证和表征,因为没有关于其制备,分配和储存的标准化指南3

在此,分享了一个详细的方案,用于生产在意大利雷焦艾米利亚的AUSL-IRCCS输血医学部门使用的PRP-L,并向DED患者分配。我们的目标是帮助科学界开发标准的制备方法,这可能会提高全球研究和临床方法的同质性和一致性。

Protocol

用于生长因子定量评估的PRP-L是在AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia进行的关于再生目的PRP产品表征的更广泛研究中收集的,并于2019年1月10日由Vasta Emilia Nord地区伦理委员会批准(协议号2019 / 0003319)。捐助者根据《赫尔辛基宣言》表示知情同意。收集眼表疾病指数(OSDI)问卷的汇总匿名数据不需要伦理批准,临床医生常规使用该问卷来监测干眼综合征症状。图 1A 显示了所遵循的协议的?…

Representative Results

使用血清源性滴眼液(这是最常用于治疗眼表面疾病的血液产品)的基本原理在于其GF的含量,GF几乎完全来自循环血小板。与外周血血清相比,PRP 含有的血小板数量(因此也含有血小板来源的 GF),范围在 0.15 x 10 9-0.45 x 109 PLT/mL 之间。根据意大利法律,以PRP为单位的血小板计数应至少为0.9 x 10 9-1 x 109 PLT/mL。因此,为了获得模拟血清滴眼液功效的产品,应在裂解?…

Discussion

近年来,基于血小板的产品用于眼表病变的临床使用有所增加,但由于缺乏科学稳健性,它们的扩散受到阻碍。这主要是由于供体来源和制备方案存在很大差异,而供体来源和制备方案通常没有完全披露或不是专门为分配目的而设计的。特别是,仍然缺乏有关通过单采术收集的基于血小板的产品的信息。因此,本工作的目的是描述通过单采术获得的富血小板血浆裂解物(PRP-L)用于治疗DED的逐步?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

作者希望感谢“Casa del Dono di Reggio Emilia”提供供体来源的血小板浓缩物。

Materials

Equipments
CompoSeal Mobilea II Fresenius Kabi, Germany bag sealer
HeraSafe hood Heraeus Instruments, Germany Class II biohazard hood
MCS+ 9000 Mobile Platelet Collection System Haemonetics, Italy automated plasma and multicomponent collection equipment for donating platelet, red cell, plasma, or combination blood components
Platelet shaker, PF396i Helmer, USA Platelet shaker
Raycell X-ray Blood Irradiator MDS Nordion, Canada X-ray Blood Irradiator
ROTIXA 50RS Hettich Zentrifugen, Germany High speed entrifuge
Sysmex XS-1000i Sysmex Europe GMBH, Germany haemocytometer for platelet count
Warm bath, WB-M15 Falc Instruments, Italy Warm bath
Materials
ACD-A anticoagulant solution A Fenwal Inc., USA DIN 00788139 anticoagulant solution for platelet apheresis (1000 ml)
BD BACTEC Peds Plus/F Culture vials BD Biosciences, USA BD 442020 Sterility assay
BD BACTEC Peds Plus/F Culture vials BD Biosciences, USA 442020 At least 2 vials for sterility assay
BD Luer Lok Syringe BD Plastipack, USA 300865 At least 4 sterile syringes (50 ml)
Bio-Plex Human Cancer Panel 1 BioRad Laboratories, USA 171AC500M Standard panel for PDGF isoforms assessment
Bio-Plex Human Cancer Panel 2 BioRad Laboratories, USA 171AC600M Standard panel for EGF assessment
Bio-Plex MAGPIX Multiplex Reader BioRad Laboratories, USA Magpix This instrument allows multiple immunoassays using functionalized magnetic beads.
Bio-Plex Pro TGF-b Assay BioRad Laboratories, USA 10024984 Set and standards for TGFb isoforms assessment
BioRet ARIES s.r.l., Italy A2DH0020 At least 4 piercing spike for blood bags
Blood collection tube BD Vacutainer, USA 367835 1 tube, necessary to perform platelet counts
Eye drops kit. COL Medical Device for the application and preservation of eye drops from haemocomponents Biomed Device s.r.l., Italy COLC50 Eye drops kit. At least 2 kits for each PRP unit collected
Human Cancer PDGF-AB/BB Set 1x96well BioRad Laboratories, USA 171BC511 Set for PDGF isoforms assessment
Human Cancer2 EGF Set 1x96well BioRad Laboratories, USA 171BC603M Set for EGF assessment
NaCl 0.9% sterile solution Baxter S.p.A., Italy B05BB01 1000 ml
OSDI Questionnaire Allergan Inc., USA OSDI Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire
Piercing spike BioRet ARIES s.r.l., Italy BS051004 Spike
Platelet Additive Solution A+ T-PAS+ TERUMO BCT Inc., Italy 40842 preservative solution for platelet concentrates (1000 ml)
Software Excel Microsoft, USA Excel Data analysis software
Teruflex Transfer bag 1000 ml TERUMO BCT Inc., Italy BB*T100BM 1 for PRP dilution
Teruflex Transfer bag 300 ml TERUMO BCT Inc., Italy BB*030CM At least 6 for each PRP unit collected

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Merolle, L., Iotti, B., Berni, P., Bedeschi, E., Boito, K., Maurizi, E., Gavioli, G., Razzoli, A., Baricchi, R., Marraccini, C., Schiroli, D. Platelet-Rich Plasma Lysate for Treatment of Eye Surface Diseases. J. Vis. Exp. (186), e63772, doi:10.3791/63772 (2022).

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