आनुवंशिक रूप से परिभाषित तंत्रिका circuitry के वायरल अनुरेखण
Summary
Synaptically जुड़ा हुआ न्यूरॉन्स का पता लगाने के एक विधि का वर्णन है. हम एक अपस्ट्रीम सेल के TVA विशिष्टता का उपयोग जांच की है कि ब्याज की एक सेल की आबादी आनुवंशिक रूप से परिभाषित सेल प्रकार से synaptic प्राप्त इनपुट.
Abstract
Classical methods for studying neuronal circuits are fairly low throughput. Transsynaptic viruses, particularly the pseudorabies (PRV) and rabies virus (RABV), and more recently vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), for studying circuitry, is becoming increasingly popular. These higher throughput methods use viruses that transmit between neurons in either the anterograde or retrograde direction.
Recently, a modified RABV for monosynaptic retrograde tracing was developed. (Figure 1A). In this method, the glycoprotein (G) gene is deleted from the viral genome, and resupplied only in targeted neurons. Infection specificity is achieved by substituting a chimeric G, composed of the extracellular domain of the ASLV-A glycoprotein and the cytoplasmic domain of the RABV-G (A/RG), for the normal RABV-G1. This chimeric G specifically infects cells expressing the TVA receptor1. The gene encoding TVA can been delivered by various methods2-8. Following RABV-G infection of a TVA-expressing neuron, the RABV can transmit to other, synaptically connected neurons in a retrograde direction by nature of its own G which was co-delivered with the TVA receptor. This technique labels a relatively large number of inputs (5-10%)2 onto a defined cell type, providing a sampling of all of the inputs onto a defined starter cell type.
We recently modified this technique to use VSV as a transsynaptic tracer9. VSV has several advantages, including the rapidity of gene expression. Here we detail a new viral tracing system using VSV useful for probing microcircuitry with increased resolution. While the original published strategies by Wickersham et al.4 and Beier et al.9 permit labeling of any neurons that project onto initially-infected TVA-expressing-cells, here VSV was engineered to transmit only to TVA-expressing cells (Figure 1B). The virus is first pseudotyped with RABV-G to permit infection of neurons downstream of TVA-expressing neurons. After infecting this first population of cells, the virus released can only infect TVA-expressing cells. Because the transsynaptic viral spread is limited to TVA-expressing cells, presence of absence of connectivity from defined cell types can be explored with high resolution. An experimental flow chart of these experiments is shown in Figure 2. Here we show a model circuit, that of direction-selectivity in the mouse retina. We examine the connectivity of starburst amacrine cells (SACs) to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs).
Protocol
Discussion
वायरस का उपयोग करने के लिए तंत्रिका सर्किट का अध्ययन एक अपेक्षाकृत उच्च लॉग न्यूरॉन्स का विश्लेषण करने के throughput विधि है. हालांकि, दोनों VSV और RABV virions पैदा तुच्छ नहीं है. हालांकि सीडीएनए से वायरस से बचाव के लि…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
हम सहायता लिए पुनः संयोजक VSV वेरिएंट बचाव के साथ शॉन Whelan स्वीकार करना होगा, और didem Goz और तकनीकी सहायता के लिए रयान Chrenek. यह काम HHMI (सीएलसी) द्वारा समर्थित किया गया था, और # NS068012 01 (KTB).
Materials
| Reagent | Company | Catalogue number | |
| Tissue Culture | |||
| Baby Hamster Kidney (BSRT7) cells | available upon request | ||
| vaccinia (vTF7-3) | available upon request | ||
| pN, pP, pl plasmids | available upon request | ||
| Calcium Chloride | Sigma | C1016 | |
| Magnesium Chloride | Sigma | M8266 | |
| HEK 293T cells | Open Biosystems | HCL4517 | |
| 60 mm TC-Treated Culture Dish | Corning | 430166 | |
| 75 cm2 Rectangular Canted Neck Cell Culture Flask with Vent Cap | Corning | 430641 | |
| Media : DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium) | Invitrogen | 12491-015 | |
| 1 M HEPES pH 7.4 | Gibo | 15630-080 | |
| FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum | Gibco | 10437-028 | |
| PKS | Invitrogen | 15140-163 | |
| Lipofectamine 2,000 Transfection Reagent | Invitrogen | 11668-019 | |
| Syringe: 5 ml Luer-Lock syringe | Sigma | Z248010-1PAK | |
| Syringe Filters | Nalgene | 190-2520 | |
| PEI: High Potency Linear PEI | Polysciences | 23966 | |
| Viral Centrifugation | |||
| Corning 150 ml Tube Top Vacuum Filter System, 0.45 μm Pore | Corning | 430314 | |
| Thinwall, Ultra-Clear, 38.5 ml, 25 x 89 mm ultracentrifuge tubes | Beckman-Coulter | 344058 | |
| Ultracentrifuge | Beckman-Coulter | optima XL-80K | |
| SW28 Ultracentrifuge rotor | Beckman-Coulter | 342207 | |
| Mouse Injection | |||
| Capillary micropipets | Drummond | 5-000-2005 | |
| Stereotax | Narishige | SR-5M | |
| Micromanipulator | Narishige | SM-15 | |
| Ump injector | World Precision Instruments | Sys-Micro4 | |
| Four channel microcontroller | World Precision Instruments | UMP3 | |
| M.TXB Bench Motor with C.EMX-1 Dial Control, 115 Volt | Foredom | M.TXB-EM | |
| H.10 Handpiece, Quick Change | Foredom | H.10 | |
| Step Drill, 0.5 mm | Foredom | A-58005P | |
| Microelectrode holder | World Precision Instruments | MEH2S | |
| Ketamine | Henry Schein | 995-2949 | |
| Xylazine | Henry Schein | 4015809TV | |
| Buprenorphine | Henry Schein | 1118217 | |
| 1 ml syringe | Becton-Dickinson | 309628 | |
| 30 gauge injection needle | Becton-Dickinson | 305106 | |
| Protective Ophthalmic Ointment | Doctors Foster and Smith | 9N-014748 | |
| Ethanol | Sigma | 493511 | |
| Iodine | Sigma | PVP1 | |
| Surgery and Dissection tools | |||
| Scissors | Fine Science Tools | 91402-12 | |
| Standard Forceps | Fine Science Tools | 11000-12 | |
| Fine Forceps | Fine Science Tools | 11255-20 | |
| Vannas spring scissors | Fine Science Tools | 15000-00 | |
| Scalpel handle | Fine Science Tools | 10003-12 | |
| Scalpel blades | Fine Science Tools | 10015-00 | |
| Sutures | Robbins Instruments | 20.SK640 | |
| Dissection and antibody staining | |||
| paraformaldehyde | Sigma | P6148 | |
| Phosphate Buffered Saline | Sigma | P4417 | |
| Triton X-100 | Sigma | T9284 | |
| Donkey Serum | Jackson Immunoresearch | 017-000-121 | |
| Antibodies | |||
| Antibodies | millipore | AB144P | |
| Anti-gfp | Abcam | ab13970 | |
| Donkey anti-chicken Dylight 488 | Jackson immunoresearch | 703-545-155 | |
| Donkey anti-chicken Alexa Fluor 647 | Jackson immunoresearch | 705-605-147 | |
| DAPI | Invitrogen | D1306 | |
| Tissue mounting | |||
| Superfrost plus microscope slides | Fisher | 12-550-100 | |
| Cover glass 22 x 22, 0 thickness | Electron Microscopy Sciences | 72198-10 | |
| Silicone elastomer | Rogers Corp | HT-6220 | |
| Clear nail polish | Electron Microscopy Sciences | 72180 | |
| Prolong Gold antifade reagent | Invitrogen | P36930 |
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